The Decline Of The Roman Empire - 2298 Words

There are many theories on the decline of the Roman Empire and whether or not it completely fell. There are many different theories why the Roman Empire collapsed and what caused it to happened such as military failure, invasions of Barbarians, political problems, economic problems, and the spread of Christianity. Prior to the invasion and fall of the Roman Empire, the economy was crumbling and Rome was headed into a decline. The Empire split into two empires, the Byzantine (Eastern) and the Roman (Western), in 395. This was due to the immense size of the Roman Empire. The Western Empire had the capital of Rome and the Eastern Empire was Constantinople. This split of the empire is said to have played a major role in the failure of†¦show more content†¦One of the events that led up to the decline of the Roman Empire was the influence of Christianity and religion in the Western Empire. There was a lot of focus within the government on church issues when there should have been a bigger focus on political issues that were going on at the time. According to Edward Gibbon: â€Å"Faith, zeal, curiosity, and the more earthly passions of malice and ambition kindled the flame of theological discord; the church, and even the state, were distracted by religious factions, whose conflicts were sometimes bloody, and always implacable; the attention of the emperors was diverted from camps to synods; the Roman world was oppressed by a new species of tyranny; and the persecuted sects became the secret enemies of their country† (Gibbon Ch. 38). These religious factions were distracting the rulers of the Empire, and it would take their focus away from what political issues were occurring. Gibbon believes that clergy destroyed the empire, where the popes and bishops were getting largely involved in political affairs. If the Roman Empire paid more attention to the politics rather than the religious elements, then they would have been able to see the decline of the Empire occurring and possibly take action to prevent it. Those who invaded the Roman Empire were able to see this weakness, and they took full advantage of it. The Roman Empire had many Emperors during its time. Many of the rulers were not fit to be

Good vs. Evil Compex in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay

Since the dawn of time, man has struggled fiercely over the internal conflict within himself between doing what is right for oneself as opposed to doing what is right for society in general. It is what I refer to as the good vs. evil complex. The play Hamlet, written by William Shakespeare somewhere between 1599 and 1603, presents a plethora of characters that are faced with the challenge of not allowing self-interest to reign supreme. One character in particular that is a parody of divergent personalities is Polonius. Polonius is the father of Laertes and Ophelia, and also acts as council to the king. One can see within him the conflict of self-interest vs. being the loyal father and servant. (I.iii.55-59). One can see both†¦show more content†¦He instructs Reynaldo to, â€Å"Give him money and these notes; Reynaldo â€Å"(II.i.1). He then replies: â€Å"You should do marvelous wisely, good Reynaldo Before you visit him, to make inquires Of his behavior â€Å" (II.i.3-5) â€Å"Ay, or drinking, fencing, swearing, Quarreling, drabbing-you may go so far. (II.i.26-27) Polonius further displays his self-interest through his attempt to advance his cause by using his conversation with his daughter to gain favor with the king. Polonius meets with King Claudius and Queen Gertrude to inform them that the reason why their son, Prince Hamlet, is crazy is due to his love for his daughter, Ophelia. Here, Polonius is willing to sacrifice his daughter’s happiness to score points with the king. He presents to the king and queen a letter that Prince Hamlet has written to Ophelia. He replies, â€Å"I have a daughter- have while she is mine-Who, in her duty and obedience, mark, Hath given me this†(II.ii.106-108). The letter shows that Prince Hamlet is madly in love with Ophelia as he writes to her, â€Å"To the celestial and my soul’s idol, the most beautified Ophelia â€Å"(II.ii109-111) Polonius further compromises his daughter Ophelia by offering her as bait to show the King that Prince Hamlet is mad only

The Field of Social Psychology Used to Develop a Personal...

The field of social psychology is diverse in character. Consequently, it may be useful to develop a personal theory of social psychology in order to improve one’s understanding of the field of social psychology. Research has demonstrated that, â€Å"...expectations of stigma can impair social and academic functioning of stigmatized persons by affecting their performance...†(Baum, Revenson Singer, 2012, p.601). This observation lends to the idea that social psychology inherently recognizes that individuals are psychologically influenced by the contexts of the social environment in which they function. Understanding such contextualizations allows the social psychologist to devise treatment plans that more effectively address psychological issues as they arise and prior to them becoming potentially life-altering. Social psychologists examine in detail the cognitive elements of an individual which in turn influence social behavior and thus can enable the social psychologis ts to better assist the individual in restoring a sense of well-being and higher quality to his or her life (Yoon, Hacker, Hewitt, Abrams Cleary, 2012). This well-being improves the overall psychological affect of the individual within the context of his or her social interactions. In this regard, this project first examines several core theories within the field of social psychology. These core theories are: observational learning theory, self-perception theory, drive theory and attribution theory.Show MoreRelatedAttitude Formation1356 Words   |  6 PagesLawanda Thomas Walden University Attitude Formation The field of social psychology focuses on understanding the behavior of an individual and seeks to include the aspects of external and internal influences that impact behavior. 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Factors Affecting Juror Behavior Towards Perpetrators and...

Our current study examines juror behaviour towards perpetrators and victims in a criminal trial setting. Taken into account, are two factors hypothesized to influence the judicial outcome of criminal trials in Canada and the United States. Primarily, that a jurors level of belief in a just world (BJW) influences his or her decisions towards both the perpetrator and victim, with those jurors measuring higher in BJW being more apt to blame the victim for his or her own misfortune. Second, that the relationship between BJW and the victim blaming behaviour of the juror is mediated by whether the victim is portrayed as innocent, having done nothing to deserve victimization; or portrayed as non-innocent, having contributed to their own misfortune through careless or immoral behaviour. We analyzed data for main effects of both BJW and victim type on outcome variables perpetrator sentencing and victim monetary compensation. Data was further analyzed for possible interaction effects between B JW and victim type using multiple regression analysis, retaining the continuous characteristic of the BJW predictor variable. Results revealed no significant interaction effects or main effect of BJW on either dependent variable, however, a significant main effect of victim type was observed. It is not uncommon for people in unfortunate situations to be cited as the source of their own troubles. If someone has been mugged walking home, they must have somehow been responsible by leaving

Female Stress and Urinary Incontinence-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Female Stress and Urinary Incontinence. Answer: Introduction Stress urinary incontinence (UI) is one of the most common forms of urinary incontinence (UI) (DeLancey, 2010). Millions of people worldwide are affected with stress UI while the vast majority being women, mostly pregnant women(Sangsawang Sangsawang, 2013). Men also develop UI is mostly due to an after effect of prostatic surgery(Markland, Goode, Redden, Borrud, Burgio, 2010). Quality of life and well-being is affected at large among the persons who are suffering from stress UI. Affected individuals face complications while travelling, performing physical activities, expressing emotions like laugh, cry and maintaining healthy social relationships (Sangsawang Sangsawang, 2013). The following essay aims to highlight the pathophysiology, risks and complications associated with stress UI. The essay also throws light on the prevalence of stress UI and its financial impact on Australian population. Towards the end, the essay recommends the treatment and therapy plan of stress UI along with the role of the community nurse towards the assistance of patients suffering from stress UI. Definition of stress UI Urinary incontinence (UI) is a form of storage symptom. It is defined as a physiological condition where a patient complains about the involuntary loss of urine causing social or hygienic problems (Price, Dawood, Jackson, 2010). Stress UI is a form of UI and is define as a complaint of involuntary leakage of urine from the bladder due to sudden pressure on the bladder arising out of sneezing or coughing or laughing. Prevalence of stress UI in Australia According to Continence Foundation of Australia, in 2010, 4.2 million Australians, who are aged between 15 years and above are the main victims of the UI. The rate of prevalence of stress UI is however higher among the Residential Aged Care (RAC) population where at least 129,000 people or more than 70% of the population are suffering from UI. Continence Foundation of Australia are of the opinion that, this projected numbers is accepted to increase to 5.3 million by the end of 2030. This number is alarming because apart from having negative impact on the social and sexual relationships of the sufferers, stress UI also cast significant financial impact (Sangsawang Sangsawang, 2013). Figure: Projected Prevalence of Incontinence in Australian aged 15 years and over from 2010 to 2030 Financial impact of stress UI in Australia The statistics published by Continence Foundation of Australia, the estimated financial cost of UI was $42.9 billion (excluding the disease burden) and this cost amounts to $9,014 per person in the year 2010. According to Continence Foundation of Australia, the total system expenditure among the population of Australia arising out of incontinence is $271 million and this amounts to per person cost of $57. This financial burden is accepted to rise to $450 million by the end of the year 2020. According to Continence Foundation of Australia, UI also cause loss of productivity among the working population and this cost amount to about $34.1 billion in the year 2020. Apart from the loss of productivity, there also occurs significant financial burden arising out of the cost of formal care and other primary medical aids (The Economic Impact of Incontinence in Australia, 2010). Figure: Cost of Incontinence in Australia, 2010 Pathophysiology of UI UI occurs due to the malfunction of the lower portion of the urinary tract. Under this pathophysiological condition, the storage capability of the lower portion of the urinary tract decreases(Price, Dawood, Jackson, 2010). This kind of malfunction occurs due to inappropriate activity of the bladder (detrusor) muscle or due to sudden incompetence of the continence maintaining mechanisms(Price, Dawood, Jackson, 2010). Figure: The Continence Mechanism Source: (DeLancey, 2010) Both during the resting condition and during the increase in the abdominal pressure, urethral closure pressure must be greater than the pressure of the bladder and this condition helps in urine retention in the bladder(Dumoulin Hay-Smith, 2010). When urethral pressure increases above the bladder pressure, the urethral muscles resting tone helps in the maintenance of favourable pressure that is relative to the bladder(Dumoulin Hay-Smith, 2010). During the occurrence of the involuntary activities like coughing or sneezing, bladder pressure significantly increases than that of the urethral pressure(Latthe, Singh, Foon, Toozs?Hobson, 2010). Under this condition, a dynamic process lead to the increase in the urethral closure pressure and this enhances the urethral closure while maintaining continence(Latthe, Singh, Foon, Toozs?Hobson, 2010). Both the magnitude of the increase in the pressure generated during cough and magnitude of the resting pressure of the urethra helps in the deter mination of the actual point or the pressure limit at which the leakage of the urine occurs(Dumoulin Hay-Smith, 2010). Risk factors and complications of stress UI According to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, there are several risk factors which are associated with the stress UI like advanced age, menopause, pre and post natal women, obesity, recurrent urinary tract infections, reduced rate of mobility, smoking and chronic coughing. Familial tendencies (pardiatric nocturnal enuresis) and other specific type of surgeries like prostatectomies, hysterectomies, pelvic surgeries and complex neurological diseases like multiple sclerosis(Stothers Friedman, 2011). Medical disorders like dementia, diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus also found to increase the disease susceptibility (Continence Foundation of Australia, 2010). Apart from the physiological susceptibility of the disease the rate of occurrence of stress UI also varies among the population for example, Caucasian population or the population under Hispanic care also reside at the high risk zone of developing stress UI (Milsom, Coyne, Nicholson, Kvasz, Chen, Wein, 2014). The main complications which are arising out of the stress UI include skin rashes or rash in the groin such rashes gradually turn into skin infections and scores(Goepel, Kirschner-Hermanns, Welz-Barth, Steinwachs, Rbben, 2010). Stress UI also leads to urinary tract infection or gets transformed into mixed UI(Stothers Friedman, 2011). Mixed UI is an amalgamation of both stress incontinence and urge incontinence(Stothers Friedman, 2011). Impact of stress UI on psychological well-being and intimate relationships of the client According to the official foundation of the urology under American Urological Association, Urology Care Foundation, people who are suffering from stress UI, remain embarrassed about their diseased condition and feel ashamed of informing their physiological complications to others and hence they suffer in silence. Stress UI also leads to the increase in anxiety along with the decrease in the self-esteem(Mota, 2017). Moreover, incontinence is also associated with profound sense of humiliation (Mota, 2017). However, leading a life with untreated UI can hamper both the psychological and emotional well-being of life. The Continence Foundation of Australia is of the opinion that people who are suffering from the mental illness may develop problems with balder or bowel control and thus resulting in UI. However, mental illness does not found to increase the risk of incontinence (The Continence Foundation of Australia, 2015). Stress UI affects the quality of life in sexual domains too, a condition more significant among the female population. Female urinary and reproductive systems share same anatomical structures and thus proving the inter-relation between the urinary problems and sexual problems of females(Mota, 2017). UI triggers complications associated to sexual life of female like discharge of urine during coitus, night losses related to emergency and phobia of bedwetting. Phobias of malodorous along with UI during coitus are cause change in self-image and self-esteem. Low self-esteem generates a fear of sexual intercourse thereby lowering sexual activity(Mota, 2017). However, till now there are very few articles that are capable of successfully evaluating the effectiveness of drug management of incontinence towards the benefits of female sexual function(Mota, 2017). Recommendations Services available in Brimbank Council for clients with stress UI Brimbank City Council provides in-home support services like home care, personal care, and respite care(Brimbank City Council, 2015). All these three services are extremely significant for the people who are suffering from stress UI and their carers. Stress UI has been found to cause Urinary tract infection (UTI)(Foxman, 2014). Proper maintenance of hygiene helps in the prevention of the stress UI related UTI (Gould, Kuntz, Pegues, Committee, 2010). Under the banner of personal care, the trained members of Brimbank Council provides assistance in maintenance of personal hygiene and thereby helping to eradicate the chances of developing stress UI associated UTI. The home care service helps in the maintenance of the home hygiene and this is extremely helpful for the family residing with a patient of UI. UI patients are unable to control their urine leading to urine discharge in floor and thus home care service of Brimbank City council is helpful (Throff, et al., 2011). Respite care als o helps the family members and the carers of the stress UI patients to take break from the caring responsibilities, a condition significant for the carers of elderly patients suffering from UI(Brimbank City Council, 2015). Health professionals dealing stress UI (reflection) The health professionals effective in the treatment of the stress UI includes, nurse with an extensive training in the continence care. They will help to access the patient condition and will work to develop a proper management plan that suits the requirement of the patient(Vinsnes, Helbostad, Nyrnning, Harkless, Granbo, Seim, 2012). Pelvic floor physiotherapists will help in the assessment of the pelvic floor function and will help in tailoring an exercise program to meet the specific requirement of the patients like pelvic floor exercise(Price, Dawood, Jackson, 2010). Dietician will help in designing proper diet plan along with amount of fluid intake by the patients of stress UI. Occupational therapist will work in unison with other health professionals in order to ensure the independence and safety of the person suffering from stress UI both outside and inside home (Continence Foundation of Australia, 2017). Referrals An urologist is the best person to do referrals to the services like registered nurse, physiotherapists and dietician (Continence Foundation of Australia, 2017). Treatment of stress UI in Australia The conservative treatment of stress UI includes strengthening and re-education of the muscles of pelvic floor(Mota, 2017). This can be achieved via physical exercises of pelvic floor muscle like pelvic floor muscle training. Other treatment includes the application of techniques like electro-stimulation and bio-feedback techniques(Mota, 2017). There are also surgical treatment directed towards the recovery of stress UI, such surgical treatment aims towards the correction of the functional in-adequacy of urethra and urinary sphincter(Mota, 2017). Surgical treatment is achieved via injection of submucosal polymers at sub-urethral slings and sphincter(Mota, 2017). Recommended diet and fluids Diet and the fluid intake help in the control of the situation associated with stress UI. The intake of fluid must be strictly regulated with the patients suffering from stress UI. The fluid intake must be modulated on the basis of age, gender and body weight. However, intake of carbonated drinks is strictly forbidden in case of stress UI patients as it increases the more-trips to bathroom. People with stress UI must also avoid drinking during bed-time. Other food that must be removed from diet includes chocolate, alcoholic drinks, citrus food, tomato, and food containing sugars and artificial flavours. Role of community nurse in supporting client with stress UI Management of stress UI disease requires the community nurse to assess the patient in a holistic manner. The first step of the care model involves the review of systems like identification of the symptoms associated with the organ systems which is essential for effective planning of the treatment (Price, Dawood, Jackson, 2010). The second step of the care model deals with evaluation of the past medical history along with patient medication system, menstrual and obstetric history .Social history is also crucial for the development of the treatment plan for stress UI. Environmental issues and lifestyle pattern (smoking, nature of food habit and amount of fluid intake) are two basic parameters for social history (Price, Dawood, Jackson, 2010). It is the duty of a community nurse to carefully access the social history before designing the treatment plan. Community nurse are also required to work in unison with other healthcare professionals in order to deliver quality care to the patient suffering from stress UI. However, as per the latest report, the community nurses are more comfortable in assessing the patients with stress UI and are less sure about the treatment that must be given to the treatment (Stothers Friedman, 2011). Conclusion Thus from the above discussion it can be concluded 4.2 million Australians are the victims of the UI and majority of them are females. This high occurrence rate of stress UI cast significant financial burden over the Australian population. This physiological condition of sudden urine leakage is aggravated during post surgery condition, UTI, obesity and immobility. The complications arising out of stress UI creates a huge psychological impact on the mental and physical well-being of patient, affecting the quality of life. However, Brimbank City Council has extended their hands in helping the population suffering from stress UI. In this regards, community nurses must work in unison with other healthcare professionals like doctors, physiotherapist, and dietician to provide quality treatment to the patients of stress UI. Bibliography Australia, T. e. (2010). Deloitte Access Economics Pty Ltd. Retrieved January 9, 2018, from Continence Foundation of Australia: https://www.continence.org.au/data/files/Access_economics_report/dae_incontinence_report__19_april_2011.pdf Brimbank City Council. (2015). Retrieved January 9, 2018, from Brimbank City Council: https://www.brimbank.vic.gov.au/disabilities/home-support-services DeLancey, J. O. (2010). Why do women have stress urinary incontinence? Neurourology and urodynamics , 29. Dumoulin, C., Hay-Smith, J. (2010). Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev , 10-12. Foxman, B. (2014). Urinary tract infection syndromes: occurrence, recurrence, bacteriology, risk factors, and disease burden. Infectious Disease Clinics , 1-13. Goepel, M., Kirschner-Hermanns, R., Welz-Barth, A., Steinwachs, K. C., Rbben, H. (2010). Urinary incontinence in the elderly: part 3 of a series of articles on incontinence. Deutsches rzteblatt international , 531. Gould, C. V., Kuntz, G., Pegues, D. A., Committee, H. I. (2010). Guideline for prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections 2009. Infection Control Hospital Epidemiology , 319-326. Latthe, P. M., Singh, P., Foon, R., Toozs?Hobson, P. (2010). Two routes of transobturator tape procedures in stress urinary incontinence: a meta?analysis with direct and indirect comparison of randomized trials. BJU international , 68-76. Lucas, M. G., Bedretdinova, D., Bosch, J. L., Burkhard, F., Cruz, F., Nambiar, A. K., et al. (2012). Guidelines on urinary incontinence. European Association of Urology . Markland, A. D., Goode, P. S., Redden, D. T., Borrud, L. G., Burgio, K. L. (2010). Prevalence of urinary incontinence in men: results from the national health and nutrition examination survey. The Journal of urology , 1022-1027. Milsom, I., Coyne, K. S., Nicholson, S., Kvasz, M., Chen, C. I., Wein, A. J. (2014). Global prevalence and economic burden of urgency urinary incontinence: a systematic review. European urology , 79-95. Mota, R. L. (2017). Female urinary incontinence and sexuality. International brazil journal urology , 20-28. Price, N., Dawood, R., Jackson, S. R. (2010). Pelvic floor exercise for urinary incontinence: a systematic literature review. Maturitas , 309-315. Sangsawang, B., Sangsawang, N. (2013). Stress urinary incontinence in pregnant women: a review of prevalence, pathophysiology, and treatment. International urogynecology journal , 901-912. Stothers, L., Friedman, B. (2011). Risk factors for the development of stress urinary incontinence in women. Current urology reports , 363. Throff, J. W., Abrams, P., Andersson, K. E., Artibani, W., Chapple, C. R., Drake, M. J., et al. (2011). EAU guidelines on urinary incontinence. Actas Urolgicas Espaolas (English Edition) , 373-388. Vinsnes, A. G., Helbostad, J. L., Nyrnning, S., Harkless, G. E., Granbo, R., Seim, A. (2012). Effect of physical training on urinary incontinence: a randomized parallel group trial in nursing homes. Clinical interventions in aging , 45.

Epilepsy Oral Essay Example For Students

Epilepsy Oral Essay Epilepsy is a neurological condition, which is characterized by repeated convulsions or seizures. There is no known cure to this condition however it is treatable through medical therapy or through surgical treatment. Epilepsy is the earliest recorded brain disorder. People with epilepsy have been feared and isolated by society throughout history. Ancient Greeks thought people with epilepsy had mystical powers. Romans treated people with epilepsy as lepers and outcasts. Other theorists believed that those who had seizures sinned against God and as a punishment were now possessed by demonic spirits. It was early 400 B.C. when Hippocrates linked seizures to problems in the brain. This view was not accepted by his contemporaries and was pushed aside. It was not until the late 1800s that people again began to understand that epilepsy was caused by a brain malfunction. Two European physicians, John Hughlings Jackson and W.R. Gowers, studied people with epilepsy at the National Hospital for Paralyzed and Epileptics in London and proved Hippocrates theory that epilepsy is a brain malfunction. Still, the 19th century health care systems in Europe isolated people with epilepsy and forced them to live in colonies away from society. Until as late as the 1950s, people rarely talked about their epilepsy and therefore hid the disorder from the public. While there are some recognized causes to epilepsy the vast majority of cases have no known cause. In cases where the cause is known it is called Symptomatic Epilepsy. Fewer than thirty-five percent of cases have known causes. The most common o ut of these are h trauma or a high fever at birthh excessively rough handling or shaking of infantsh certain drugs or toxins administered in large dosesh Diseases or conditions that alter or disturb the balance of blood or its chemical structure h or diseases that damage the nerve cells in the brain can also cause epilepsy. However in sixty-five percent of all cases there is no known cause which is called Idiopathic Epilepsy. The brain is a highly complex and sensitive organ as it controls and regulates all our actions. It controls all motor movements, sensations, thoughts and emotions. As well as all involuntary actions such as blinking. The brain works by sending electric charges between different nerve cells in the brain and all other parts of the body as a means of communication. The onset of a seizure is caused by abnormal brain wave activity. The brain waves start off by having an abnormal rhythm caused by excessive and synchronous nerve cell discharges. This change in brain w aves triggers off the seizure. If the abnormal brain wave activity only occurs in one area of the brain it is called a partial seizure whereas if the brain wave activity affects nerve cells throughout the brain it is a generalized seizure. Epilepsy is a common disorder as there is a one percent chance of developing it. Almost fifty per cent of cases appear before the age of ten. In the majority of cases when it id developed under the age of ten the disorder will vanish over a period of time. We will write a custom essay on Epilepsy Oral specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The diagnosis and evaluation of Epilepsy requires the physician to know all about the seizures when they started, the patients appearance before, during, and after a seizure, and any unusual behavioral occurrences. A background of the familys health history is also commonly used. In addition, an electroencephalogram may help detect areas of increased nerve cell activityThere is no known cure to epilepsy however there is a number of treatments available. There are two main types of treatment available which are drug therapy or surgery. Drug therapy is the most commonly used treatment. The drug treatment is fairly effective with fifty percent of those on a drug treatment will have their seizures eliminated completely. A further thirty percent will have their seizures down to a level where they can still carry on with their normal lives. The remaining twenty percent of patients are either resistant to the medication, or else require such a dose of medication that it becomes preferable to have no control over seizures at all. Surgery is then left as an option to a minority of sufferers. In special cases the injured brain tissue can be removed through surgery which is a procedure similar to a lobotomy. This only happens when medication fails and the injured tissue is confined to one area of the brain and can be safely removed without damaging personality or functions. There are over 40 types of seizure, ranging from seizures which can go totally unnoticed by other people right through to the classic Grand mal seizure A common sort of generalized seizure known as Grand mal. The muscles contract, the body stiffens and then jerks uncontrollably. You may scream as your respiratory muscles contract and your lips may go blue due to lack of oxygen. You then lose consciousness, when you wake up you cannot remember anything and you need time to recover which may range from minutes to hours. .ud1ff2db007c34cfbf4d414fc846625eb , .ud1ff2db007c34cfbf4d414fc846625eb .postImageUrl , .ud1ff2db007c34cfbf4d414fc846625eb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud1ff2db007c34cfbf4d414fc846625eb , .ud1ff2db007c34cfbf4d414fc846625eb:hover , .ud1ff2db007c34cfbf4d414fc846625eb:visited , .ud1ff2db007c34cfbf4d414fc846625eb:active { border:0!important; } .ud1ff2db007c34cfbf4d414fc846625eb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud1ff2db007c34cfbf4d414fc846625eb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud1ff2db007c34cfbf4d414fc846625eb:active , .ud1ff2db007c34cfbf4d414fc846625eb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud1ff2db007c34cfbf4d414fc846625eb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud1ff2db007c34cfbf4d414fc846625eb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud1ff2db007c34cfbf4d414fc846625eb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud1ff2db007c34cfbf4d414fc846625eb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud1ff2db007c34cfbf4d414fc846625eb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud1ff2db007c34cfbf4d414fc846625eb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud1ff2db007c34cfbf4d414fc846625eb .ud1ff2db007c34cfbf4d414fc846625eb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud1ff2db007c34cfbf4d414fc846625eb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Confucianism EssayAnother common type of seizure is an absence. This generalized seizure is literally an absence a momentary lapse in awareness. This type of epilepsy is most common in children and teenagers. You stop what you are doing, stare, blink or look vague for a few seconds before carrying on with what you were doing. Onlookers may think you were just daydreaming or may not notice. Before the onset of a seizure some people may experience an aura. An aura is sensation that acts as a warning to an oncoming seizure. The type of aura varies from person to person. They can range from a strange taste to a musical sound that plays in your head. The type of aura can help identify the part of the brain that the unusual brain waves are discharged. It is a common problem that people with epilepsy are discriminated against however this is completely unnecessary as most people can live normal lives with epilepsy. Epilepsy is a common condition that can occur for no obvious reason in anyone. The disease is in no way contagious or transmittable. Most people who develop the condition either grow out of the condition or can lead normal lives through the use of medication or surgery. Therefore those with the disease should in no way be treated any differently to others.