International Logistics Industry Free Essays

In a worldwide economy, the development of merchandise and materials is exceptionally essential for the accomplishment of an organization. All the more regularly, the materials are process in somewhere else that is it is required that these materials be transport. At the point when one needs to be known all inclusive, it will advertise its items around the globe, along these lines the correct planning of shipment is important for benefit. We will compose a custom article test on Universal Logistics Industry or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Coordinations is a business that began in 1950. Coordinations industry deals with providing various materials and delivery out items. . It is the study of procedure and consolidates all industry sectors.â Logistics can be characterized as having the correct amount at the perfect time at the correct cost. It is the study of procedure and fuses all industry parts. The objective of calculated work is to deal with the fulfillment of venture life cycles, gracefully chains and resultant efficiencies (.Wikipedia). Making a harmony between money related, natural and cultural development is a troublesome undertaking yet is basic on the off chance that one organization might want to ensure that they are to remain for quite a while in the market.â Competition gets valuable for one organization when in light of the fact that without it there will be no requirement for advancements and changes in the business. Customers have a decision in this manner organizations are continually advancing to make their items and friends all the more engaging. In the coordinations business, these purchasers are organizations of other industry that is focusing on a worldwide market. In some random industry, there are some industry standards that set how an organization in a particular industry sets their capital structure (Brackers, 2004). This is likewise equal to the degree of business hazard to be attempted that would be worthy in the business. These industry standards should fill in as aides for the organizations remembered for the business and not to be followed aimlessly as there are consistently special cases in any principles. The strength of the coalition between the two organizations must be guaranteed on the grounds that it would assume a key job in deciding the progression of advancement of the items being created. It must be guaranteed that the labor working from the two organizations are both have the correct information required for the advancement of the item, who are eager to give their best exertion to ensure that cutoff times are met. There ought to likewise be consistency in the labor dealing with the venture on the grounds that the following individual spot couldn't have the foggiest idea about all the data like the previous. The way in to an effective organization is between reliance. Business done through the guide of a web is called electronic trade. This sort of business has blasted in the 21st century with the huge accessibility of PCs and PCs. Everything occurs in the web, whatever one could consider. There is web shopping, online instruction and web banking thus some more (Yingli, Lalwani and Aryee, 2005). Presently even coordinations administrations have their own site for simple check of would be clients. Each organization has their own methodology however the weight lies in appropriately executing this methodologies. Chapman (2004) has presumed that right around 90% of organizations bomb in appropriately executing their techniques. Studies show that when CEO’s who have fizzled have been met said that what driven them to destruction was the terrible execution of methodologies that they have detailed. Just fourteen percent of those remembered for Times 1000 organizations have remarked that they are actualizing acceptable procedures. One methodology that fruitful coordinations organizations are utilizing now is Rate Explorer.â Rate voyager is a framework us to plan client citations. Rate voyager has an aggregate of thirty-five agreements inbound and outbound activities inside the district of the United States of America.â One organization that depends on them is Mallory Alexander. This organization has been casted a ballot as one of the 2006 Top 100 3PL ((Third Party Logistics organization). This honor is a major lift on their picture since this honor is based o the assessments of significant shippers in the business. This honor was given by Inbound Logistics magazine (http://www.pr.com/public statement/17317). Anybody entering a business would need it to keep going as long as it could be yet in the event that one would not be available to modernization they would not have the option to continue. An advancement doesn't imply that the past would be totally overlooked. In business, imagination and persistence is expected to continue it and ensure that one would remain for quite a while. Coordinations industry realizes how incredible innovative improvements are. A few organizations inside this industry are likewise taking a gander at the road of electronic business to help them in increasing a more prominent benefit and more clients. New corporate techniques and procedures are required to adapt up to this change. Overseeing business chance is significant, new roads ought to end up being viable for the strategic organization and not an obligation. Business chance alludes to the characteristic hazard in the firm before obligation is acquainted with the image. Business hazard is brought about by such factors as expansion, loan fees, financial periods, fixed versus variable costs, unpredictability of info costs, capacity to change costs, and affectability of deals to monetary components. Elevated levels of Business hazard decide the level of the unstable of deals and the adjustments in EBIT as directed by the adjustment in deals. The level of business hazard an organization or industry takes is legitimately relative to the unpredictability of the EBIT that they could get (Brackers, 2004). Achievement is nothing in the event that you can not gauge it. An organization set down components or rules for their administrations and labor with the end goal for them to measure in the event that they met their objectives or if there is an issue inside and how to address it. There are factors that should be viewed as when one organization attempts to check if its administration and labor can meet the objectives and goal set.â Implementation and assessment would have a critical impact in deciding the result of the coordinations enterprises adventure in online business. Reference Coordinations. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Recovered November 05, 2006, from Answers.com Web website:  http://www.answers.com/theme/coordinations 2 Brackers, Kevin. (2004 November 17). Part 13: Capital Restructure. Pittsburg State College. Recovered November 04, 2006 fromhttps://www.pittstate.edu/science/imminent students.htmlâ Chapman, Alan. (2004). Methodology Implementation and Realization. Farsight Leadership Ltd. Businessball.com. Recovered November 04, 2006 from http://www.businessballs.com/businessstrategyimplementation.htm Mallory Alexander official statement. 08 Sept 2006. Recovered November 04, 2006 from http://www.pr.com/official statement/17317 De Busscher, Lucien. 2002. Openings and Challenges for Logistics Service Providers in Europe. PWC Consulting. PricewaterhouseCoopers. Recovered November 04, 2006 from http://www.eyefortransport.com/ResArticles/logistics_eng.pdf Vate, John Vande and Amy Ward. The Ins and Outs of Outsourcing.â Executive experts Global Logistics. Recovered November 04, 2006 from http://www.emil.gatech.edu/news-occasions/article.php?aid=177 Yingli Wang, Chandra Lalwani andâ Gilbert Aryee. E-business Enabled Customized Logistics Supportability. 2005 IEEE International Conference on Service Operations and Logistics, and Informatics. August 10-12, 2005, Beijing, China. Recovered November 04, 2006 from http://www.ssglobal.org/2005/ProgramAbstract.pdf Step by step instructions to refer to International Logistics Industry, Essay models

Prayers in Schools Essay

My name is Ericka Jaid Laurett heil. I have long earthy colored hair and I have blue eyes and I am 5’6. My inclinations are drawing, playing Xbox, looking after children, family fellow, and dozing. My desires for myself are to pass secondary school not bombing any classes. I was near bombing my desire since I bombed math. Be that as it may, I assumed acknowledgment recuperation and got the credit! I wish to be a pediatrician since I love children and helping them and satisfying them. Exercises that I appreciate are volleyball, ball and I used to play soccer yet my knees and lower legs are awful. My mom’s name is Janda-lynn laurett heil, my dad’s name is Adam Jack Heil, my more established sister’s name is Devon Brooke Heil, and my more youthful sister’s name is Emily Mable Clara Heil. I am the center offspring of the family. My family grew up around Bobbi and Tom pitkanen. I called them aunt and uncle constantly. We used to go outdoors consistently at a little campground we made on an island down the Dryden thruway. I really imagined that we were connected however as of late I discovered they are only a nearby family companion. Additionally, my best friend’s grandma lives next to me and I converse with her about everything! At times I simply go there and converse with her, and now and then she stops by my home and talks for a piece. My best friend’s grandma find out about me than my mom. Well I have an exceptionally solid relationship with my dad’s mother. My mom’s mother left and betrayed my family as a result of something individual that occurred before. My grandmother heil has consistently been there for my mother and me and my sisters and my father and even our family companions! She has incredible guidance and is such a decent lady. Two or three years prior she was on the telephone with my uncle and she had a mind aneurism and fell while she was on the telephone. She got dispatched to Winnipeg and had surgery†¦ Everyone in my family was so vexed. She is presumably the main grandparent or individual in my mother and dad’s side of the family that was really there for our family and helped us through harsh occasions. She is my bestfriend. My relationship with my sisters is alright now and again. I love my sisters however the two of them trouble me. My younger sibling gets me so frantic you don’t even know. I beat her up constantly and when I state beat†¦ I really mean beat. : P I can kinda tap her with my shoulder and I’m being dead genuine she shouts and rushes to my mother or father. Its like she’s frightened of me or something. My more seasoned sister consistently holds up till I go out and she takes all my garments and says there hers. She’s fortunate she has a kid, I could never pummel her before her child. She is my lone sister that I really trust and can advise stuff to. I was consistently there for her when she required assistance when we were more youthful, so I confide in her with a ton. They are essential to me since they are family. If anybody somehow managed to hurt them I would sincerely thump the individual. I have done that for my younger sibling as of now. I donâ€℠¢t like her companions and they know not to do that sort of stuff to my family. My family has helped me with my volleyball sport decision. They have paid for all my volleyball ventures and my shirt’s and such fun stuff. They were the ones that enlightened me regarding the viper’s volleyball crew in grade 8. I gave it a shot and made the two cuts so I was in the group! We made a trip to Kenora and to a town outside of Winnipeg. I was with a ton of my companions and it was so much fun. We contended in competitions again kids not even close here. I have been told I am extraordinary at playing volleyball and that I should go for the volleyball crew. I needed to yet I never had the passing marks and the ideal participation for that. They helped me to turn into the individual I am today. To be solid and stand up for what I accept. That’s why I’m such a brilliant mouth. I get it from my daddy. A long time before I came into secondary school my family and a nearby family friend’s family would go to a campground thing that we made on an island down the Dryden interstate. We would remain there and camp for in any event seven days. Other then that I don’t truly know whatever other things that my family does together. I don’t associate with my family and in the event that I do it’s Devon or it’s in light of the fact that I need something. I don’t actually ever leave my room except if I need to go to the washroom, I’m hungry, I need to do the dishes, I’m looking after children, I go out. Well in my future family I’m going to keep on going outdoors consistently and I don’t truly comprehend what else to do. I sort of mind my own business in my home so I don’t truly recognize what my family does that I could proceed in my future family. That is all I need to state about my family and my life truly. I love my family and my companions and I don’t comprehend what I would manage without them.

To His Coy Mistress Essay: Imagery, Symbolism, and Descriptions

Symbolism, Symbolism, and Descriptions in To His Coy Mistress Andrew Marvell in his sonnet portrays a youngster persuading his reasonable special lady to discharge herself to living in the here and now.â He does this by separating the sonnet into three profoundly unique stanzas.â The principal sets aside abundant effort to depict extraordinary sentiments of affection for a young woman, and how he wishes he could show it.â time is grown early however not fully.â The subsequent verse is then used to show how time is quickly advancing in manners, for example, the blurring of excellence and death.â The third refrain presses the inquiry to the youthful courtesan; will she offer herself to the young fellow and to life?â Although every verse utilizes various pictures, they all pass on a similar topic of making every second count and not letting time pass is seen all through. Marvell utilizes symbolism, imagery, and superb depictions all through the poem.â Each refrain is compelling and streams easily.â Rhyming couplets are seen at the parts of the bargains, which enables the sonnet to peruse smoothly.â  â â â â â â â â â â Marvell utilizes numerous pictures that fill in as apparatuses to communicate how he wishes to cherish his paramour in the primary refrain of the poem.â From line 1 to 20 Marvell tells his special lady how he wishes he had constantly on the planet to adore her.â In the absolute first line Marvell raises the focal point of time, â€Å"Had we however world enough and time/This hesitance, woman, were no crime†.â The subsequent line shows the contention that the creator is looking in the sonnet, her coyness.â Marvell proceeds from these underlying lines to mention to his escort what he would do in the event that he had enough time.â In lines, three and four Marvell talks of â€Å"sitting down† to â€Å"think† where they will stroll on their â€Å"long love’s day†.â All of these word... ... before their â€Å"quaint respect goes to dust†.  â â â â â â â â â â Andrew Marvell effectively expounds on a fragile subject without putting on a show of being filthy or insolent to the subject of sexuality.â Each verse conveys an alternate perspective on same subject.â The manner in which Marvell talks in the principal refrain shows that he isn't being reckless, that he loves his mistress.â He makes a feeling of immortality and afterward in the second verse he clears that away and presents passing as alarming however unavoidable.â He understands how valuable time is and is compelling in persuading his escort of this reality as well.â The last lines leave the peruser with the picture of this couple vanquishing and exploiting time by making the sun run.â This sonnet would not be what it is without the point by point symbolism, imagery, and allegories that Marvell applied to each stanza.â â â

Free Online Classes Directory

Free Online Classes Directory In the event that you’re new to learning through the web, need to try out a class, need to catch up on certain aptitudes for your credit classes, or simply need to gain proficiency with a couple of new realities, you’ll need to look at one of the many free courses accessible on the web. Despite the fact that these courses don’t give school credit, they do give understudies a great deal of data and can be a significant enhancement to your ordinary examinations. There are two principle sorts of online courses: autonomous courses that are made only for the web, and open courseware classes that are intended for genuine study halls. Autonomous Courses Autonomous courses are made particularly for e-students. From verse to money related arranging, theres something out there for everyone.Brigham Young University has various online courses offered for credit to paying understudies, however they likewise offer free classes that are available to the overall population. In spite of the fact that these classes don't offer cooperation among peers, they have a reasonable set up and regularly give valuable data. One of the most widely recognized subjects offered is parentage; BYU has many specific courses to assist genealogists with finding their own family data. Various strict courses are additionally available.Stanford University offers free talks, meetings, and material that are avaliable for download on iTunes.Free-ed.net offers an assortment of courses that incorporate materials totally on the web. Some even have free online course readings. The Information Technology programs are probably the best and incorporate bit by bit directions on acing different sorts of PC abilities. The Small Business Administration gives many connects to courses that show you how to design, start, market, and maintain an effective business, and furthermore how to apply for awards and credits. The Teaching Company sells sound and video classes instructed by top educators. In any case, on the off chance that you pursue their email pamphlet, they will send you periodic free talks that can be downloaded and spared. Open Courseware Open courseware programs are intended to give understudies the world over access to course materials really utilized in college study halls. Taking an interest universities post prospectuses, assignments, schedules, address notes, readings, and different materials internet, making it simple for self-students to contemplate the subject on their own terms. Open courseware programs don't require enlistment or charge educational cost. Be that as it may, theyâ do not grant credits or consider collaboration with a professor.Want to take a MIT course for nothing? MIT’s open courseware program offers understudies far and wide access to materials and assignments utilized in real homerooms. In excess of 1,000 courses are as of now available.Tufts University likewise offers a bunch of value open courseware classes as does Utah State University and John Hopkins University.

From Ignorance To Enlightenment Wheatleys OBBAA - Literature Essay Samples

West African autochthon Phillis Wheatley employs her tactful methods of writing to convey a subtle but powerful message in her poem †On Being Brought from Africa to America† (1773). At a very young age, about 7 or 8, Phillis was enslaved and brought to America as chattel, with the inability to read and write. Four years later, Phillis was able to read and write in English and Latin, demonstrating how intellectually precocious she was. She soon began writing poems on various topics such as religion, morals, and death. Phillis was inspired by Neoclassical writers, such as Alexander Pope, and often referenced stories of that time. In her poem OBBAA, she expresses her gratitude for being taken to America from Africa, but she does so in a sardonic tone, thus addressing racial inequality, and religion. The opening of OBBAA finds Phillis Wheatley showing gratitude and describing the circumstances of her metamorphosis: â€Å"Twas mercy brought me from my Pagan land; /Taught my benighted soul to understand† (143; 1-2). Wheatley uses the term â€Å"Pagan land,† to describe her native land of Africa, and she uses the word pagan, because her native land was devoid of Christianity. This is the reason she says that it was â€Å"mercy† that permitted her to be enslaved, because in it that enslavement she became acquainted with Christianity. The word â€Å"benighted† is used in the second line, which means to be overtaken in darkness in a state of pitiful or contemptible intellectual or moral ignorance. This word draws a parallel between Phillis’s race which was black, and her ignorance of the religion of Christianity. Although the use of the word benighted seems to infer that those of the African race were inferior to whites, what Phillis actually meant is that they were ignorant of the wonders of Christianity, not of everything. Later on in the poem Phillis is seen continuing to explain why being in bondage in America was in a sense, better than being in Africa: â€Å"Taught my benighted soul to understand/ That there’s a God, that there’s a Saviour too/ Once I redemption neither sought nor knew† (2-4). In these lines Wheatley juxtaposes the words â€Å"benighted soul,†and â€Å"Saviour,† in order to show how even herself, an ignorant black person, was saved. Once again Wheatley emphasizes how christianity gave her a newfound chance at redemption, from the â€Å"benighted† situation that she was in. She does this in line 4, when she says that at a certain juncture in time, she â€Å"neither sought nor knew† redemption. Although subtle, the message that she was trying to send to slaves in this line, was that through Christianity anyone can be saved. Phillis Wheatley clearly describes how some people view blacks, which was in a disdainful way: â€Å"Some view our sable race with scornful eye/ ‘Their colour is a diabolic die’† (5-6). In these lines Wheatley accurately shows how negro life was perceived by white slave owners, and whites in general. The last main point of this poem is begun in these lines, where Wheatley brilliantly juxtaposes the words â€Å"our sable race,†which means black, and â€Å"diabolic die.† She uses this juxtaposition to show even though white people visually see the black race as a diabolic dye,she still is unified with them, as seen by the words â€Å"our sable race.† The visual darkness on black people that Wheatley says the white people call a diabolic dye, is also compared to the moral and intellectual darkness that Wheatley talks about, when she calls her soul,â€Å"benighted.† The poem is making a swing back around to connect its main ideas. Although OBBAA was written to convey a message, the most potent section in it comes with the last two lines:†Remember, Christians, Negros, black as Cain/ May be refin’d, and join th’ angelic train.† Wheatley’s positioning of the words â€Å"Christians,† and â€Å"Negros,† is extremely important to her point. By positioning those words right beside each other, and right after the imperative â€Å"Remember,† Wheatley put Negros and white Christians on an equal playing field. She subtly pointed out that Negros weren’t perfect, but also that neither were those white-enslaving christians. She even makes an allusion to the bible, saying that even those who are as bad as Cain, the first person to ever commit a murder, can be â€Å"refin’d and join th’ angelic train.† Although Phillis Wheatley did not blatantly and directly criticize white-enslaving Christians, her method of subtly calling them out might have been the best course of action for an african-american during her time. Phillis Wheatley was the first African-American to write a book of poems, and get them published. She had no predecessors’ works to look back and improve upon. Considering this fact, Phillis Wheatley made a brilliant move to use subtle methods and get her point across in OBBAA. This poem is just one of the multitude of masterpieces that have made Wheatley a great contributor to African-American progress. Works Cited Phillis, Wheatley On Being Brought from Africa to America. The Norton Anthology of African American Literature. Ed. Henry Louis Gates Jr., and Valerie A. Smith, New York: Norton, 2014. 143-144. Print.

Reflection of Student life in her Career Path - 825 Words

Reflection of Student life in her Career Path (Essay Sample) Content: NameInstructor CourseDatePersonal ReflectionStudents are future leaders in all the spheres of life hence the current quality of a student will predict students career path and bright future. Every student dreams to have the best job in the world, although to achieve our dream there are many challenges we have to encounter in our journey to success. In this class, I have come to appreciate that there are certain qualities am expected to uphold and possess before I qualify to become a better student. In this class, I have learned that there are three qualities that have to possess to become a better writer. First, in order to become a better writers I have to be passionate, possess the willing and the ability to learn new and challenging course. This reminded me that immediately after graduating from high school, I had opted to consult people around me to help me discover myself on what I am good at. At this time, I thought I was good at computer programming, and I alwa ys tried to figure out how to make programs by understanding the basics of creating a program. I then decided to pursue my career dream by applying Computer Engineering Technology at Middle Tennessee State University. Two weeks after enrollment I have come to realize that am supposed to take three units in calculus. Bearing in mind that mathematics was my weakest subject from high school, I decided to change my major and give priority to a major that has fewer mathematics units. After this class, I have come to realize I did a mistake to quit from my first major because I would not have become a better writer without the willingness and the ability to learn new and challenging subjects.Secondly, in this class have learned that I need to be perceptive, which is the ability to perceive and interpret meanings from a debate or a conversation. In this case, I should always perceive the correct meaning from a lecture, discussion, or a conversation. Moreover, this class has enlightened me on the importance of understanding the initial thought of another writer or a speaker and making a right conclusion. Thirdly, it has come to my realization that I should always ensure I understand class concepts rather than memorizing. After a personal research, have come to appreciate that theories and facts I memorize will only stay in my memory until I leave college. Once out of college, I have totally forgotten the core theories and concepts I learned. In this class, I have known that am a better writer because I understand concepts rather than memorizing. From all the classes, I have learned that I should be self-disciplined and possess excellence academic skills. In this context, academic skills include the ability to write effectively, to speak fluently, read comprehensively, and communicate clearly. In addition, I have appreciated the importance of academic skills with special emphasize on the essence of communicating clearly. To this end, communicating clearly is essent ial in every aspect of life. Effective communication especially in class has eliminated dissatisfaction, misunderstanding, and confusion hence making me shine in all the classes. With effective communication skills, I have necessary skills to counter human resource challenges, the financial, and be in a better position to express myself in interviews. Additionally, effective communication skill has created a sense of independent immediately after graduating. Thus, communication skills have served as my foundation to academic, social, and political success. Nonetheless, I realized I can work as a public relation officer in companies and writes magazine articles. Secondly, in all my classes I have learned that I have self-discipline. This has enabled me to manage my time and avoided delaying tasks such as reading textbooks, writing assignments am...

The Decline Of The Roman Empire - 2298 Words

There are many theories on the decline of the Roman Empire and whether or not it completely fell. There are many different theories why the Roman Empire collapsed and what caused it to happened such as military failure, invasions of Barbarians, political problems, economic problems, and the spread of Christianity. Prior to the invasion and fall of the Roman Empire, the economy was crumbling and Rome was headed into a decline. The Empire split into two empires, the Byzantine (Eastern) and the Roman (Western), in 395. This was due to the immense size of the Roman Empire. The Western Empire had the capital of Rome and the Eastern Empire was Constantinople. This split of the empire is said to have played a major role in the failure of†¦show more content†¦One of the events that led up to the decline of the Roman Empire was the influence of Christianity and religion in the Western Empire. There was a lot of focus within the government on church issues when there should have been a bigger focus on political issues that were going on at the time. According to Edward Gibbon: â€Å"Faith, zeal, curiosity, and the more earthly passions of malice and ambition kindled the flame of theological discord; the church, and even the state, were distracted by religious factions, whose conflicts were sometimes bloody, and always implacable; the attention of the emperors was diverted from camps to synods; the Roman world was oppressed by a new species of tyranny; and the persecuted sects became the secret enemies of their country† (Gibbon Ch. 38). These religious factions were distracting the rulers of the Empire, and it would take their focus away from what political issues were occurring. Gibbon believes that clergy destroyed the empire, where the popes and bishops were getting largely involved in political affairs. If the Roman Empire paid more attention to the politics rather than the religious elements, then they would have been able to see the decline of the Empire occurring and possibly take action to prevent it. Those who invaded the Roman Empire were able to see this weakness, and they took full advantage of it. The Roman Empire had many Emperors during its time. Many of the rulers were not fit to be

Good vs. Evil Compex in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay

Since the dawn of time, man has struggled fiercely over the internal conflict within himself between doing what is right for oneself as opposed to doing what is right for society in general. It is what I refer to as the good vs. evil complex. The play Hamlet, written by William Shakespeare somewhere between 1599 and 1603, presents a plethora of characters that are faced with the challenge of not allowing self-interest to reign supreme. One character in particular that is a parody of divergent personalities is Polonius. Polonius is the father of Laertes and Ophelia, and also acts as council to the king. One can see within him the conflict of self-interest vs. being the loyal father and servant. (I.iii.55-59). One can see both†¦show more content†¦He instructs Reynaldo to, â€Å"Give him money and these notes; Reynaldo â€Å"(II.i.1). He then replies: â€Å"You should do marvelous wisely, good Reynaldo Before you visit him, to make inquires Of his behavior â€Å" (II.i.3-5) â€Å"Ay, or drinking, fencing, swearing, Quarreling, drabbing-you may go so far. (II.i.26-27) Polonius further displays his self-interest through his attempt to advance his cause by using his conversation with his daughter to gain favor with the king. Polonius meets with King Claudius and Queen Gertrude to inform them that the reason why their son, Prince Hamlet, is crazy is due to his love for his daughter, Ophelia. Here, Polonius is willing to sacrifice his daughter’s happiness to score points with the king. He presents to the king and queen a letter that Prince Hamlet has written to Ophelia. He replies, â€Å"I have a daughter- have while she is mine-Who, in her duty and obedience, mark, Hath given me this†(II.ii.106-108). The letter shows that Prince Hamlet is madly in love with Ophelia as he writes to her, â€Å"To the celestial and my soul’s idol, the most beautified Ophelia â€Å"(II.ii109-111) Polonius further compromises his daughter Ophelia by offering her as bait to show the King that Prince Hamlet is mad only

The Field of Social Psychology Used to Develop a Personal...

The field of social psychology is diverse in character. Consequently, it may be useful to develop a personal theory of social psychology in order to improve one’s understanding of the field of social psychology. Research has demonstrated that, â€Å"...expectations of stigma can impair social and academic functioning of stigmatized persons by affecting their performance...†(Baum, Revenson Singer, 2012, p.601). This observation lends to the idea that social psychology inherently recognizes that individuals are psychologically influenced by the contexts of the social environment in which they function. Understanding such contextualizations allows the social psychologist to devise treatment plans that more effectively address psychological issues as they arise and prior to them becoming potentially life-altering. Social psychologists examine in detail the cognitive elements of an individual which in turn influence social behavior and thus can enable the social psychologis ts to better assist the individual in restoring a sense of well-being and higher quality to his or her life (Yoon, Hacker, Hewitt, Abrams Cleary, 2012). This well-being improves the overall psychological affect of the individual within the context of his or her social interactions. In this regard, this project first examines several core theories within the field of social psychology. These core theories are: observational learning theory, self-perception theory, drive theory and attribution theory.Show MoreRelatedAttitude Formation1356 Words   |  6 PagesLawanda Thomas Walden University Attitude Formation The field of social psychology focuses on understanding the behavior of an individual and seeks to include the aspects of external and internal influences that impact behavior. Not only is ones behavior impacted by emotions, behavior is also impacted by how an individual perceives a situation and acceptance to engage in that situation (Fiske, 2010). Hogg and Cooper (2007) argue social psychologists note individuals view the world and its interactionsRead MoreThe School Of Thought And The Field Of Psychology1555 Words   |  7 PagesThe school of thought and its central contribution to the field of psychology Carl Roger’s central contribution to the field of psychology involved his theory of personality. This theory was unique with the capability to be applied in various domains of helping professions including psychotherapy and counseling, education, organizations, cross-cultural relations, and other group settings (n/a, 2015). In the evolving stage of this theory, Roger’s had been frustrated with the authoritative analysisRead MorePositive Psychology: A Brief History, Critics, Methodology, and Application1427 Words   |  6 Pages APPLICATIONS OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 3 Positive Psychology: A Brief History, Methodology, and Application 1. Introduction 1.1. A Brief History The genealogy of positive psychology established its roots in the development of humanistic psychology in the mid-20th century. The more traditional approaches of modern psychology as developed by Freud and B. F. Skinner, respectively, are psychoanalysis, and behaviorism. One theory may suggest that the shiftRead MoreGrandma Vs. Research : Child And Adolescent Development912 Words   |  4 Pagesaround for many years and can be very wise about certain things. Over the years there have been many different techniques developed and tested. Previous techniques and remedies are still used today and some are no longer used because they have been proven not to work. An example, is when my grandpa told me that they used to use castor oil for cold and many other remedies. One other example, is when my grandma told me that when the kids were teething, they put whiskey on their gums to numb it so it wouldn’tRead MoreThe Theory Of Somatic Psychology997 Words   |  4 PagesWestern soc iety and the relegation of the body as ‘other’, the field of somatic psychology proceeded to develop anyway. Somatic psychology is defined as the psychology of the body, a discipline that focuses on our living experience of embodiment as human beings (Barratt, 2013). Somatic psychology has always been around, although not always under that name. Psychoanalysis as it emerged through Freud’s career was always a bodily theory and often a body practice. Freud massaged his early patientsRead MorePsychology : The Positive Psychology Movement1269 Words   |  6 Pagesthe most recent branches of psychology to emerge is the positive psychology movement. Based on the text, positive psychology is one of the most important aspects in determining how to enhance the personality by helping individuals recognize their human potential to learn and achieve. In this assignment one will compare the view points of Maslow, Rogers, and the positive psychology movement concerning i ndividual personality. Recent studies have shown that personality theory and assessment plays an importantRead MoreEssay about Social Cognition - Psychology1410 Words   |  6 PagesTerm Paper: Social Cognition Table of Contents: Social Cognition: A science The psychological definitions Breakdown of social psychology Relations to other corresponding theories The theory of social cognition Incorporating stereotypes Schemata Cultural social cognition Holistic thinking Social cognitive neuroscience A personality in jeopardy Social Cognition Social cognition is the encoding, storage, retrieval, and processing, of information in the brain. It is a processRead MoreSchool of Thoughts in Psychology1604 Words   |  7 PagesMajor Schools of Thought in  Psychology When psychology was first established as a science separate from biology and philosophy, the debate over how to describe and explain the human mind and behavior began. The first school of thought, structuralism, was advocated by the founder of the first psychology lab, Wilhelm Wundt. Almost immediately, other theories began to emerge and vie for dominance in psychology. The following are some of the major schools of thought that have influenced our knowledgeRead MoreThe Diverse Nature of Psychology Essay examples1075 Words   |  5 PagesThe Diverse Nature of Psychology The American Psychological Association has identified 54 divisions within the field of psychology (Plante, 2011). Each division has stemmed from one of the seven major perspectives: psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic, cognitive, sociocultural, biological, and evolutionary. This diversity within psychology, allows psychologists the ability to expand in all areas of explanation, assessment, and diagnoses, which furthers the science of psychology through many differentRead MorePsychology And Sociology And Psychology1612 Words   |  7 PagesWhen we think of society or people, and their behavior, psychology and sociology come to our mind. This is because they are academic fields that posses the same main idea, which is the study of the behavior. Although these two sciences have enormous differences, for those whom never had read anything about this topics it would seem the same. Despite bearing some superficial similarities, the differences between sociology and psychology are pronounced. Actually the main contrast between them is

Factors Affecting Juror Behavior Towards Perpetrators and...

Our current study examines juror behaviour towards perpetrators and victims in a criminal trial setting. Taken into account, are two factors hypothesized to influence the judicial outcome of criminal trials in Canada and the United States. Primarily, that a jurors level of belief in a just world (BJW) influences his or her decisions towards both the perpetrator and victim, with those jurors measuring higher in BJW being more apt to blame the victim for his or her own misfortune. Second, that the relationship between BJW and the victim blaming behaviour of the juror is mediated by whether the victim is portrayed as innocent, having done nothing to deserve victimization; or portrayed as non-innocent, having contributed to their own misfortune through careless or immoral behaviour. We analyzed data for main effects of both BJW and victim type on outcome variables perpetrator sentencing and victim monetary compensation. Data was further analyzed for possible interaction effects between B JW and victim type using multiple regression analysis, retaining the continuous characteristic of the BJW predictor variable. Results revealed no significant interaction effects or main effect of BJW on either dependent variable, however, a significant main effect of victim type was observed. It is not uncommon for people in unfortunate situations to be cited as the source of their own troubles. If someone has been mugged walking home, they must have somehow been responsible by leaving

Female Stress and Urinary Incontinence-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Female Stress and Urinary Incontinence. Answer: Introduction Stress urinary incontinence (UI) is one of the most common forms of urinary incontinence (UI) (DeLancey, 2010). Millions of people worldwide are affected with stress UI while the vast majority being women, mostly pregnant women(Sangsawang Sangsawang, 2013). Men also develop UI is mostly due to an after effect of prostatic surgery(Markland, Goode, Redden, Borrud, Burgio, 2010). Quality of life and well-being is affected at large among the persons who are suffering from stress UI. Affected individuals face complications while travelling, performing physical activities, expressing emotions like laugh, cry and maintaining healthy social relationships (Sangsawang Sangsawang, 2013). The following essay aims to highlight the pathophysiology, risks and complications associated with stress UI. The essay also throws light on the prevalence of stress UI and its financial impact on Australian population. Towards the end, the essay recommends the treatment and therapy plan of stress UI along with the role of the community nurse towards the assistance of patients suffering from stress UI. Definition of stress UI Urinary incontinence (UI) is a form of storage symptom. It is defined as a physiological condition where a patient complains about the involuntary loss of urine causing social or hygienic problems (Price, Dawood, Jackson, 2010). Stress UI is a form of UI and is define as a complaint of involuntary leakage of urine from the bladder due to sudden pressure on the bladder arising out of sneezing or coughing or laughing. Prevalence of stress UI in Australia According to Continence Foundation of Australia, in 2010, 4.2 million Australians, who are aged between 15 years and above are the main victims of the UI. The rate of prevalence of stress UI is however higher among the Residential Aged Care (RAC) population where at least 129,000 people or more than 70% of the population are suffering from UI. Continence Foundation of Australia are of the opinion that, this projected numbers is accepted to increase to 5.3 million by the end of 2030. This number is alarming because apart from having negative impact on the social and sexual relationships of the sufferers, stress UI also cast significant financial impact (Sangsawang Sangsawang, 2013). Figure: Projected Prevalence of Incontinence in Australian aged 15 years and over from 2010 to 2030 Financial impact of stress UI in Australia The statistics published by Continence Foundation of Australia, the estimated financial cost of UI was $42.9 billion (excluding the disease burden) and this cost amounts to $9,014 per person in the year 2010. According to Continence Foundation of Australia, the total system expenditure among the population of Australia arising out of incontinence is $271 million and this amounts to per person cost of $57. This financial burden is accepted to rise to $450 million by the end of the year 2020. According to Continence Foundation of Australia, UI also cause loss of productivity among the working population and this cost amount to about $34.1 billion in the year 2020. Apart from the loss of productivity, there also occurs significant financial burden arising out of the cost of formal care and other primary medical aids (The Economic Impact of Incontinence in Australia, 2010). Figure: Cost of Incontinence in Australia, 2010 Pathophysiology of UI UI occurs due to the malfunction of the lower portion of the urinary tract. Under this pathophysiological condition, the storage capability of the lower portion of the urinary tract decreases(Price, Dawood, Jackson, 2010). This kind of malfunction occurs due to inappropriate activity of the bladder (detrusor) muscle or due to sudden incompetence of the continence maintaining mechanisms(Price, Dawood, Jackson, 2010). Figure: The Continence Mechanism Source: (DeLancey, 2010) Both during the resting condition and during the increase in the abdominal pressure, urethral closure pressure must be greater than the pressure of the bladder and this condition helps in urine retention in the bladder(Dumoulin Hay-Smith, 2010). When urethral pressure increases above the bladder pressure, the urethral muscles resting tone helps in the maintenance of favourable pressure that is relative to the bladder(Dumoulin Hay-Smith, 2010). During the occurrence of the involuntary activities like coughing or sneezing, bladder pressure significantly increases than that of the urethral pressure(Latthe, Singh, Foon, Toozs?Hobson, 2010). Under this condition, a dynamic process lead to the increase in the urethral closure pressure and this enhances the urethral closure while maintaining continence(Latthe, Singh, Foon, Toozs?Hobson, 2010). Both the magnitude of the increase in the pressure generated during cough and magnitude of the resting pressure of the urethra helps in the deter mination of the actual point or the pressure limit at which the leakage of the urine occurs(Dumoulin Hay-Smith, 2010). Risk factors and complications of stress UI According to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, there are several risk factors which are associated with the stress UI like advanced age, menopause, pre and post natal women, obesity, recurrent urinary tract infections, reduced rate of mobility, smoking and chronic coughing. Familial tendencies (pardiatric nocturnal enuresis) and other specific type of surgeries like prostatectomies, hysterectomies, pelvic surgeries and complex neurological diseases like multiple sclerosis(Stothers Friedman, 2011). Medical disorders like dementia, diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus also found to increase the disease susceptibility (Continence Foundation of Australia, 2010). Apart from the physiological susceptibility of the disease the rate of occurrence of stress UI also varies among the population for example, Caucasian population or the population under Hispanic care also reside at the high risk zone of developing stress UI (Milsom, Coyne, Nicholson, Kvasz, Chen, Wein, 2014). The main complications which are arising out of the stress UI include skin rashes or rash in the groin such rashes gradually turn into skin infections and scores(Goepel, Kirschner-Hermanns, Welz-Barth, Steinwachs, Rbben, 2010). Stress UI also leads to urinary tract infection or gets transformed into mixed UI(Stothers Friedman, 2011). Mixed UI is an amalgamation of both stress incontinence and urge incontinence(Stothers Friedman, 2011). Impact of stress UI on psychological well-being and intimate relationships of the client According to the official foundation of the urology under American Urological Association, Urology Care Foundation, people who are suffering from stress UI, remain embarrassed about their diseased condition and feel ashamed of informing their physiological complications to others and hence they suffer in silence. Stress UI also leads to the increase in anxiety along with the decrease in the self-esteem(Mota, 2017). Moreover, incontinence is also associated with profound sense of humiliation (Mota, 2017). However, leading a life with untreated UI can hamper both the psychological and emotional well-being of life. The Continence Foundation of Australia is of the opinion that people who are suffering from the mental illness may develop problems with balder or bowel control and thus resulting in UI. However, mental illness does not found to increase the risk of incontinence (The Continence Foundation of Australia, 2015). Stress UI affects the quality of life in sexual domains too, a condition more significant among the female population. Female urinary and reproductive systems share same anatomical structures and thus proving the inter-relation between the urinary problems and sexual problems of females(Mota, 2017). UI triggers complications associated to sexual life of female like discharge of urine during coitus, night losses related to emergency and phobia of bedwetting. Phobias of malodorous along with UI during coitus are cause change in self-image and self-esteem. Low self-esteem generates a fear of sexual intercourse thereby lowering sexual activity(Mota, 2017). However, till now there are very few articles that are capable of successfully evaluating the effectiveness of drug management of incontinence towards the benefits of female sexual function(Mota, 2017). Recommendations Services available in Brimbank Council for clients with stress UI Brimbank City Council provides in-home support services like home care, personal care, and respite care(Brimbank City Council, 2015). All these three services are extremely significant for the people who are suffering from stress UI and their carers. Stress UI has been found to cause Urinary tract infection (UTI)(Foxman, 2014). Proper maintenance of hygiene helps in the prevention of the stress UI related UTI (Gould, Kuntz, Pegues, Committee, 2010). Under the banner of personal care, the trained members of Brimbank Council provides assistance in maintenance of personal hygiene and thereby helping to eradicate the chances of developing stress UI associated UTI. The home care service helps in the maintenance of the home hygiene and this is extremely helpful for the family residing with a patient of UI. UI patients are unable to control their urine leading to urine discharge in floor and thus home care service of Brimbank City council is helpful (Throff, et al., 2011). Respite care als o helps the family members and the carers of the stress UI patients to take break from the caring responsibilities, a condition significant for the carers of elderly patients suffering from UI(Brimbank City Council, 2015). Health professionals dealing stress UI (reflection) The health professionals effective in the treatment of the stress UI includes, nurse with an extensive training in the continence care. They will help to access the patient condition and will work to develop a proper management plan that suits the requirement of the patient(Vinsnes, Helbostad, Nyrnning, Harkless, Granbo, Seim, 2012). Pelvic floor physiotherapists will help in the assessment of the pelvic floor function and will help in tailoring an exercise program to meet the specific requirement of the patients like pelvic floor exercise(Price, Dawood, Jackson, 2010). Dietician will help in designing proper diet plan along with amount of fluid intake by the patients of stress UI. Occupational therapist will work in unison with other health professionals in order to ensure the independence and safety of the person suffering from stress UI both outside and inside home (Continence Foundation of Australia, 2017). Referrals An urologist is the best person to do referrals to the services like registered nurse, physiotherapists and dietician (Continence Foundation of Australia, 2017). Treatment of stress UI in Australia The conservative treatment of stress UI includes strengthening and re-education of the muscles of pelvic floor(Mota, 2017). This can be achieved via physical exercises of pelvic floor muscle like pelvic floor muscle training. Other treatment includes the application of techniques like electro-stimulation and bio-feedback techniques(Mota, 2017). There are also surgical treatment directed towards the recovery of stress UI, such surgical treatment aims towards the correction of the functional in-adequacy of urethra and urinary sphincter(Mota, 2017). Surgical treatment is achieved via injection of submucosal polymers at sub-urethral slings and sphincter(Mota, 2017). Recommended diet and fluids Diet and the fluid intake help in the control of the situation associated with stress UI. The intake of fluid must be strictly regulated with the patients suffering from stress UI. The fluid intake must be modulated on the basis of age, gender and body weight. However, intake of carbonated drinks is strictly forbidden in case of stress UI patients as it increases the more-trips to bathroom. People with stress UI must also avoid drinking during bed-time. Other food that must be removed from diet includes chocolate, alcoholic drinks, citrus food, tomato, and food containing sugars and artificial flavours. Role of community nurse in supporting client with stress UI Management of stress UI disease requires the community nurse to assess the patient in a holistic manner. The first step of the care model involves the review of systems like identification of the symptoms associated with the organ systems which is essential for effective planning of the treatment (Price, Dawood, Jackson, 2010). The second step of the care model deals with evaluation of the past medical history along with patient medication system, menstrual and obstetric history .Social history is also crucial for the development of the treatment plan for stress UI. Environmental issues and lifestyle pattern (smoking, nature of food habit and amount of fluid intake) are two basic parameters for social history (Price, Dawood, Jackson, 2010). It is the duty of a community nurse to carefully access the social history before designing the treatment plan. Community nurse are also required to work in unison with other healthcare professionals in order to deliver quality care to the patient suffering from stress UI. However, as per the latest report, the community nurses are more comfortable in assessing the patients with stress UI and are less sure about the treatment that must be given to the treatment (Stothers Friedman, 2011). Conclusion Thus from the above discussion it can be concluded 4.2 million Australians are the victims of the UI and majority of them are females. This high occurrence rate of stress UI cast significant financial burden over the Australian population. This physiological condition of sudden urine leakage is aggravated during post surgery condition, UTI, obesity and immobility. The complications arising out of stress UI creates a huge psychological impact on the mental and physical well-being of patient, affecting the quality of life. However, Brimbank City Council has extended their hands in helping the population suffering from stress UI. In this regards, community nurses must work in unison with other healthcare professionals like doctors, physiotherapist, and dietician to provide quality treatment to the patients of stress UI. Bibliography Australia, T. e. (2010). Deloitte Access Economics Pty Ltd. Retrieved January 9, 2018, from Continence Foundation of Australia: https://www.continence.org.au/data/files/Access_economics_report/dae_incontinence_report__19_april_2011.pdf Brimbank City Council. (2015). Retrieved January 9, 2018, from Brimbank City Council: https://www.brimbank.vic.gov.au/disabilities/home-support-services DeLancey, J. O. (2010). Why do women have stress urinary incontinence? Neurourology and urodynamics , 29. Dumoulin, C., Hay-Smith, J. (2010). Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev , 10-12. Foxman, B. (2014). Urinary tract infection syndromes: occurrence, recurrence, bacteriology, risk factors, and disease burden. Infectious Disease Clinics , 1-13. Goepel, M., Kirschner-Hermanns, R., Welz-Barth, A., Steinwachs, K. C., Rbben, H. (2010). Urinary incontinence in the elderly: part 3 of a series of articles on incontinence. Deutsches rzteblatt international , 531. Gould, C. V., Kuntz, G., Pegues, D. A., Committee, H. I. (2010). Guideline for prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections 2009. Infection Control Hospital Epidemiology , 319-326. Latthe, P. M., Singh, P., Foon, R., Toozs?Hobson, P. (2010). Two routes of transobturator tape procedures in stress urinary incontinence: a meta?analysis with direct and indirect comparison of randomized trials. BJU international , 68-76. Lucas, M. G., Bedretdinova, D., Bosch, J. L., Burkhard, F., Cruz, F., Nambiar, A. K., et al. (2012). Guidelines on urinary incontinence. European Association of Urology . Markland, A. D., Goode, P. S., Redden, D. T., Borrud, L. G., Burgio, K. L. (2010). Prevalence of urinary incontinence in men: results from the national health and nutrition examination survey. The Journal of urology , 1022-1027. Milsom, I., Coyne, K. S., Nicholson, S., Kvasz, M., Chen, C. I., Wein, A. J. (2014). Global prevalence and economic burden of urgency urinary incontinence: a systematic review. European urology , 79-95. Mota, R. L. (2017). Female urinary incontinence and sexuality. International brazil journal urology , 20-28. Price, N., Dawood, R., Jackson, S. R. (2010). Pelvic floor exercise for urinary incontinence: a systematic literature review. Maturitas , 309-315. Sangsawang, B., Sangsawang, N. (2013). Stress urinary incontinence in pregnant women: a review of prevalence, pathophysiology, and treatment. International urogynecology journal , 901-912. Stothers, L., Friedman, B. (2011). Risk factors for the development of stress urinary incontinence in women. Current urology reports , 363. Throff, J. W., Abrams, P., Andersson, K. E., Artibani, W., Chapple, C. R., Drake, M. J., et al. (2011). EAU guidelines on urinary incontinence. Actas Urolgicas Espaolas (English Edition) , 373-388. Vinsnes, A. G., Helbostad, J. L., Nyrnning, S., Harkless, G. E., Granbo, R., Seim, A. (2012). Effect of physical training on urinary incontinence: a randomized parallel group trial in nursing homes. Clinical interventions in aging , 45.

Epilepsy Oral Essay Example For Students

Epilepsy Oral Essay Epilepsy is a neurological condition, which is characterized by repeated convulsions or seizures. There is no known cure to this condition however it is treatable through medical therapy or through surgical treatment. Epilepsy is the earliest recorded brain disorder. People with epilepsy have been feared and isolated by society throughout history. Ancient Greeks thought people with epilepsy had mystical powers. Romans treated people with epilepsy as lepers and outcasts. Other theorists believed that those who had seizures sinned against God and as a punishment were now possessed by demonic spirits. It was early 400 B.C. when Hippocrates linked seizures to problems in the brain. This view was not accepted by his contemporaries and was pushed aside. It was not until the late 1800s that people again began to understand that epilepsy was caused by a brain malfunction. Two European physicians, John Hughlings Jackson and W.R. Gowers, studied people with epilepsy at the National Hospital for Paralyzed and Epileptics in London and proved Hippocrates theory that epilepsy is a brain malfunction. Still, the 19th century health care systems in Europe isolated people with epilepsy and forced them to live in colonies away from society. Until as late as the 1950s, people rarely talked about their epilepsy and therefore hid the disorder from the public. While there are some recognized causes to epilepsy the vast majority of cases have no known cause. In cases where the cause is known it is called Symptomatic Epilepsy. Fewer than thirty-five percent of cases have known causes. The most common o ut of these are h trauma or a high fever at birthh excessively rough handling or shaking of infantsh certain drugs or toxins administered in large dosesh Diseases or conditions that alter or disturb the balance of blood or its chemical structure h or diseases that damage the nerve cells in the brain can also cause epilepsy. However in sixty-five percent of all cases there is no known cause which is called Idiopathic Epilepsy. The brain is a highly complex and sensitive organ as it controls and regulates all our actions. It controls all motor movements, sensations, thoughts and emotions. As well as all involuntary actions such as blinking. The brain works by sending electric charges between different nerve cells in the brain and all other parts of the body as a means of communication. The onset of a seizure is caused by abnormal brain wave activity. The brain waves start off by having an abnormal rhythm caused by excessive and synchronous nerve cell discharges. This change in brain w aves triggers off the seizure. If the abnormal brain wave activity only occurs in one area of the brain it is called a partial seizure whereas if the brain wave activity affects nerve cells throughout the brain it is a generalized seizure. Epilepsy is a common disorder as there is a one percent chance of developing it. Almost fifty per cent of cases appear before the age of ten. In the majority of cases when it id developed under the age of ten the disorder will vanish over a period of time. We will write a custom essay on Epilepsy Oral specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The diagnosis and evaluation of Epilepsy requires the physician to know all about the seizures when they started, the patients appearance before, during, and after a seizure, and any unusual behavioral occurrences. A background of the familys health history is also commonly used. In addition, an electroencephalogram may help detect areas of increased nerve cell activityThere is no known cure to epilepsy however there is a number of treatments available. There are two main types of treatment available which are drug therapy or surgery. Drug therapy is the most commonly used treatment. The drug treatment is fairly effective with fifty percent of those on a drug treatment will have their seizures eliminated completely. A further thirty percent will have their seizures down to a level where they can still carry on with their normal lives. The remaining twenty percent of patients are either resistant to the medication, or else require such a dose of medication that it becomes preferable to have no control over seizures at all. Surgery is then left as an option to a minority of sufferers. In special cases the injured brain tissue can be removed through surgery which is a procedure similar to a lobotomy. This only happens when medication fails and the injured tissue is confined to one area of the brain and can be safely removed without damaging personality or functions. There are over 40 types of seizure, ranging from seizures which can go totally unnoticed by other people right through to the classic Grand mal seizure A common sort of generalized seizure known as Grand mal. The muscles contract, the body stiffens and then jerks uncontrollably. You may scream as your respiratory muscles contract and your lips may go blue due to lack of oxygen. You then lose consciousness, when you wake up you cannot remember anything and you need time to recover which may range from minutes to hours. .ud1ff2db007c34cfbf4d414fc846625eb , .ud1ff2db007c34cfbf4d414fc846625eb .postImageUrl , .ud1ff2db007c34cfbf4d414fc846625eb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud1ff2db007c34cfbf4d414fc846625eb , .ud1ff2db007c34cfbf4d414fc846625eb:hover , .ud1ff2db007c34cfbf4d414fc846625eb:visited , .ud1ff2db007c34cfbf4d414fc846625eb:active { border:0!important; } .ud1ff2db007c34cfbf4d414fc846625eb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud1ff2db007c34cfbf4d414fc846625eb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud1ff2db007c34cfbf4d414fc846625eb:active , .ud1ff2db007c34cfbf4d414fc846625eb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud1ff2db007c34cfbf4d414fc846625eb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud1ff2db007c34cfbf4d414fc846625eb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud1ff2db007c34cfbf4d414fc846625eb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud1ff2db007c34cfbf4d414fc846625eb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud1ff2db007c34cfbf4d414fc846625eb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud1ff2db007c34cfbf4d414fc846625eb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud1ff2db007c34cfbf4d414fc846625eb .ud1ff2db007c34cfbf4d414fc846625eb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud1ff2db007c34cfbf4d414fc846625eb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Confucianism EssayAnother common type of seizure is an absence. This generalized seizure is literally an absence a momentary lapse in awareness. This type of epilepsy is most common in children and teenagers. You stop what you are doing, stare, blink or look vague for a few seconds before carrying on with what you were doing. Onlookers may think you were just daydreaming or may not notice. Before the onset of a seizure some people may experience an aura. An aura is sensation that acts as a warning to an oncoming seizure. The type of aura varies from person to person. They can range from a strange taste to a musical sound that plays in your head. The type of aura can help identify the part of the brain that the unusual brain waves are discharged. It is a common problem that people with epilepsy are discriminated against however this is completely unnecessary as most people can live normal lives with epilepsy. Epilepsy is a common condition that can occur for no obvious reason in anyone. The disease is in no way contagious or transmittable. Most people who develop the condition either grow out of the condition or can lead normal lives through the use of medication or surgery. Therefore those with the disease should in no way be treated any differently to others.

Join The Year-Up Program Essay Sample Essay Example

Join The Year-Up Program Essay Sample Paper I can say the reason I want to join the year-up program is that I am young and very devoted to learning new things. Also, I have reached that point in my life when I realize that I have to be more independent, responsible, and mature. I have to make my own smart decisions to determine how successful Ill be in life. The reason I think I am a good candidate for this year-up program is that Im used to the two terms hard work and determination. The reason I say this is because I started this school on the Southside of Chicago Christian Fenger High School. As I began to go there I realized that high school, in particular, wasnt pushing me to my full potential. I needed something that would push me to my highest limit. My road to the year-up program So I started to look around for better schools in the area. That is when I ran across DeVry Advantage Academy High School. Its a program that gave me the opportunity to graduate with my college degree in Network Systems Administration when I graduate from high school. And Boy did I pick a school, DeVry pushed me to limits that I never thought I had. Coming from a different background I was very quiet and antisocial my junior year at DeVry because I didn’t know how to talk to other races of people, It was a big step and a big change for me. But as I started to go to the program I started to warm up to the idea and the people that I was going to school with on a daily basis was pretty cool. I have learned a lot about different culture and ethnicity. At DeVry, I can’t say that I have made friends I have made the family. There are many words that I could give you to describe me but there is one word in particular that I could say that stands out from the rest, and that word is dedication. My motivation to the year-up program We will write a custom essay sample on Join The Year-Up Program Essay Sample specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Join The Year-Up Program Essay Sample specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Join The Year-Up Program Essay Sample specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When I start something I stick with it to the end, no matter how many people doubt or look down on me I will always stay strong until the end. I have overcome so much in my life to just give up now; when I was 15 years old I lost my mother to cancer. This left me emotionally scared because I was very close to my mother ( Best Friend) and the thought of never seeing her again just killed me inside. As time passed I stopped really caring about a lot of things, such as school and even my own safety. I started to get into a lot of fights and really didn’t care much for school work. I cut myself from friends and family and just stayed to myself. Until one day I heard my father in his room crying it was kind of a shock to hear him that way because I never heard him cry before. Then I realized that I wasn’t the only person that lost someone special. My father was left with 4 children to take care of all by him, I had to realize that he didn’t have help anymore that he had to be the mother and father of the house and the things I was doing was just adding on to the stress from my mother passing away. So then I asked myself the most life-changing questions that I have ever asked myself what would my mother want?, what do I really want out of life? This caused me to go to school do all my work and even start communicating with my family and friends again. Then I realized that I really enjoy learning new things and advancing intellectually. I can say that my worst fear is being a failure Being a grown man wishing I finished high school or college, stressed out trying to figure how I’m about to pay my rent for next month and not being able to provide and help my family when they really need it. Both sister and my brother and even my father have recently had children. This has made life a little more stressful and hard. My brother and sisters have dropped out of college and started work at minimum wage jobs to provide for their children. I sometimes wish I could show them that their lives don’t have to stop here. And show my father that he is not alone and show him that I can be that man that he and mother raised me to be.

Childrens Essay Samples

Children's Essay SamplesChildren's essay samples are available online to assist with any type of writing. Essay examples are simple to complete and a good writer can often edit their writing. They can also use these essays as a launching pad to greater things. By reading through the sample essay a student can gain a better understanding of what they should write.Children's essay samples can be used by teachers and tutors as well as students. By looking at the examples a student can see the style of writing they should emulate. The more they practice the more they will understand the proper way to write.There are a number of websites that are dedicated to providing writing samples for children. These are put together by professional writers who have a lot of experience in teaching children. They can provide students with professional writing samples which can help to develop their skills.A child can make use of children's essay samples when writing their own. By looking at a sample th ey can see how to write a paragraph and how to structure their essay. They can learn what type of sentences are appropriate to use, how to use grammar and even how to format the paper.There are two basic types of writing a student can do to help them improve their skills. They can either do research or they can write using vocabulary. Both methods are effective and both can be very effective for students.When students are doing research work, they should use a variety of skills including proofreading, organization and editing. They should also be clear about their objectives before starting any research. When they find a specific subject, they should read and look at various resources which can help them get started. This can help to prevent them from becoming bored with their assignment.Students should choose an appropriate word to use when writing about their topic. They should choose words which they are familiar with as this will increase their chances of being able to successfu lly express themselves. Choosing words that are general are not effective because they can easily become redundant.It is not hard to see why good writers use writing samples when they are working on essays. Students who are unable to communicate their ideas effectively may benefit from a set of examples. By studying them they can become better writers in general. They will also be better able to communicate the ideas that they want to convey.

Costco and Sams Club Essays

Costco and Sams Club Essays Costco and Sams Club Paper Costco and Sams Club Paper Costco and Sams Club are stores that sell innumerable products, so having effective websites is imperative. Comparing the two websites using these three 1-5 point scales shows that Costcos website is better. The first area of evaluation is the organization and ease of navigation. Each website earns points depending on how intuitive their website layout is, how easy it is to find items, how they categorize items, and how quick navigation is. Next is clarity of item descriptions. They earn more points on the amount of information given and lose points for making the information difficult to read. Finally, the websites earn points for effective product and store promotion. They earn higher scores for more convincing and well-made advertisements, and lower scores for poor advertisements. The first criterion looks at the homepage to see how readable it is. Sams Clubs website has a small bar at the top for account information, order status, wish lists, and insider email; however, the font is small and light grey, and the background is white. Costcos also has the same buttons, but also includes an additional store locations button and an order by item number button. The medium sized font is dark grey rather than light grey and the background is white, so it is very readable. Both websites have bars for item categories near the top of their homepages, but Costcos is in large black font, compared to Sams Clubs small baby blue font. Costco and Sams Club have a hierarchy that allows looking at product categories, but Costcos is more useful. For the same HP Inkjet 8500a found by using Costcos search bar in the top left of their homepage and Sams Clubs in the middle of their home page, Costcos hierarchy is computers printers all-in-ones Color inkjet all-in-one. Sams Clubs is Sams Club Electronics Instant Savings Computers Accessories. Costco scored a 3. 5 and Sams Club a 2. Criterion number two is clarity and completeness of information. The aforementioned search bar can find the Canon Rebel T2i package on both websites by searching for it. Full details are available on the manufacturers website, so it is a good candidate to compare completeness of information. Sams Club has a detailed specification chart for the Cannon Rebel T2i, mentioning that the T2i has a viewfinder coverage of 95%, and that the package comes specifically with an AVC-DC400ST AV cable rather than an AV cable as per Costcos website. The charts also have specific model numbers for the charger (LC-E8E), battery pack (LP-E8), and strap (EW-100DBIII). The product page at Costco has a product description that contains a narrative on the potential uses of the cameras abilities such as shooting in dim environments by using ISO 6400 or using the cameras 9-point AF system for precision focus. Costco has a list of features and basic technical specifications for the camera above and an accessories list below the main description. The information Costco provides is succinct and may be better suited for average consumers, but Sams Club clearly has more detail, however, those may be superfluous to many customers. Costco scores a 3 and Sams Club a 4 for this area. The last category is advertisements. Costco and Sams Club both have good advertisements at the top of their respective homepages that cycle through several different advertisements, all of which are appropriate. Costco has an advertisement for a Costco membership, which is important because they must get customers to buy a membership first so they can buy products. Scrolling down, they both have nearly identical advertisements for specific products. Those advertisements have a small thumbnail picture, a name, and price. Sams Club has a small advertisement bar at the top on product pages and a sidebar with popular items that are similar. Costco also has a sidebar with similar popular items, but also bundles related products together on the same page, such as software and tech support with a computer. Costco beats Sams Club with a 4 compared to a 3. 5 in this category because putting complimentary items together is a strong strategy. After comparing, Costco is more organized because the categories that they sorted their products with are smarter and more helpful than what Sams Clubs website uses. Sams Clubs website uses a font that is too small, and often times their font color is nearly the same as their background color. Sams Club has more detailed product descriptions, but a lot of them are not actually useful to the general consumer. On the other hand, consumers can easily skip over that information. Costco does not provide as much information as Sams Club, but the information they do provide is relevant. Both websites have very similar marketing schemes, but Costco advertises associated products in their product descriptions, which is a good advertising technique. Costco is the winner with a total rating of 10. 5/15, and Sams Club only a 9. 5/15.

Communication Skills Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Communication Skills - Article Example The tone of the teachers displays concern for the students and their futures. The teachers have made a clear attempt to try and find out solutions, tactics, and techniques to help the students develop better manners and display courtesy. There is a clear tone of personal interest in the work they do and an urge to learn newer techniques. The teachers display how well they lead by example and how their style of talking and teaching can affect the learning process of the children as well. There is a clear sense of responsibility, and active listening among all the members in the video. The body language and the non – verbal communication displayed shows a genuine interest in the discussions and is portrayed by taking notes of essential parts of the discussion. All the participants have been very alert throughout the discussion and have displayed all the basic skills of active listening. The teachers also display understanding and empathy with the fellow teachers and acknowledge the issues that they go through each day at work. This has been done in very simple actions like nodding their heads and taking notes of essential elements of the conversation and allowing the other to finish their statements rather than cutting the co – teachers off between sentences. Active listening allows a person to listen intently to what is being said, either in groups or even one on one. A person who actively listens should be able to restate in their own words, what the speaker has spoken. This displays understanding of the topic of discussion. The major skills that are involved in effective active listening include (StudyGS, 2009): a) To be ‘other – directed’: It is essential for a listener to focus on what the speaker is communicating and to follow and understand the speaker’s point of view (StudyGS, 2009). It is essential to not only listen to what is being said but to also study body language and other senses to recognise the

Lowering Drinking Age from 21 to 18 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Lowering Drinking Age from 21 to 18 - Essay Example This proposal essay takes a look at the legal age of drinking and why it should be rolled back to 18 years of age. It also pinpoints the essential changes that need to be made within the legislation as well as tackles problems in a head on fashion. There are chances which will crop up every now and then which will make the above-mentioned proposal sound illogical and insane yet the outcome is for the betterment of one and all, and especially the youth of present times. After all, they know what is good for them and how they can amend their lives in essence with the time and spirit of the present epoch. In the times much like today, people look at their lives in the form of an open canvas – waiting to throw paints on their personalities. Same is the case which holds true for drinking where they suggest and indeed I am of the view that it should be allowed at the age of 18 years because at this age, a person gets mature enough to distinguish the good and the bad for his own self . Tamura (1992) asks the question regarding lowering the drinking age since there have been amendments in the legislative processes of different countries from time to time. What this highlights is the fact that legislation under such domains is a significant impediment in the wake of lowering drinking prohibitions. The legal age is just a yardstick of measuring one’s age at the end of the day. It does not give any idea about a teenager’s mental and physical maturity. What it presents to one and all is a mere age dynamic.

Benchmarking - Marketing assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Benchmarking - Marketing assignment - Essay Example The set standards for the classification of this type of coffee suggests that it can only grow at certain height and therefore the brand as such has to meet certain criteria in order to be categorized as blue mountain coffee. There are two important reasons as to why the Blue Mountain Coffee became the leading coffee brands in the world. First is the overall quality of the coffee which is relatively superior to other brands of coffee whereas secondly, strict quality controls and protection has been ensured in order to make the brand an exclusive brand. These characteristics of the product therefore made it one of the most acceptable coffee brands in the world. Jamaica’s Blue Mountain Coffee is considered as the most controversial coffee brands in the world. It is also however, one of the premium brands of coffee due to its overall aroma, flavor as well as acidity and other qualities. It is however, argued that overproduction and changes in environment in recent years has resulted into the decline in the overall quality of the coffee. (Flock)2 Jamaica’s Blue Mountain Coffee shot to the prominence during 1960’s and 1970’s when it was considered as the best coffee in the world. It takes around seven years to mature and contains less caffeine as compared to other commercially produced brands of coffee. The history of Blue Mountain Coffee suggests that it was introduced in the region by Sir Nicholas Lawes during 1728. However, gradually, it spread to other parts of the Blue Mountain Area and as such was widely cultivated and exported. 3During first half of 20th Century, the overall quality of the coffee deteriorated thus resulting into significant reduction in exports of the brand from Jamaica. However, in 1948 Coffee Industry Regulation Act was passed in order to promote the industry as well as the social and economic life of those who are involved in the cultivation of the coffee. It is

One of the Best Shots Ever Essay -- Narrative Memoir Essays

One of the Best Shots Ever   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The soft moon rock jumped off the face of the club, as I moved through impact. All I saw was the perfect arch of the rock as it hurled through the air and over a small rock infested river that runs in front of the oblong green. I had just pulled off one of the best shots ever in my golf career.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It all started on a brisk August morning. That day I had to get up before the first rays of the sun could be noticed on the horizon. I awoke to the droning sound of my green digital alarm clock, and immediately jumped into a hot steaming shower to wake me up from a sleepless night. As I jumped out of the shower, I realized that I only had thirty minutes to be completely ready and do my morning warm-up. I flew through everything and still had to wait fifteen minutes for Jim to pick me up.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The drive down to Cedaredge took an eternity, since I was ready to get on the golf course. We drove in and noticed that we were the first of our team to arrive. This gave me plenty of time to get ready. I went inside the plain glass doors of the clubhouse and received a large, green, plastic bucket of range balls, picked up my clubs and headed to the driving range. I noticed that as I walked there was a slight coat of dew on everything. I set my bucket of balls down on the right side of the hitting area where I always went and proceeded to go through my routine. The ground was very supple, but I couldn't even make a divot in it early in the morning because I was so stiff. My swing had not yet gotten adjusted to feel each piece of the grass as it went over the ground. The first shot into the horizon was a promising one. It traveled perfectly with even a little right to left action, or a draw. Then the... ...ine the ball would be traveling on and noticed a crater of a ball mark from a previous shot hit to the green. I fixed the indention in the green so I was ready to putt. I used the red star of my marking to place my ball on the right line. I knew the putt was slick with a foot of break to the right which was perfect for me since I putt left handed. I lifted my belly putter out of my bag and took my stance over my Hogan ball. I felt my smooth stroke just tap the ball and heard the plunk of it dropping into the earth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I had just planted a small moon rock into the center of the earth. It was no ordinary rock and it happened on the hardest hole I have ever played on a golf course. I knew as soon as my Hogan ball dropped the day was mine and all I needed was that one perfect shot (or lucky break of not going in the water) to get me started in my golfing career.

My Baptism Essay

The Sacrament of Baptism is often called â€Å"The door of the Church,† because it is the first of the seven sacraments not only in time (since most Catholics receive it as infants) but in priority, since the reception of the other sacraments depends on it. It is the first of the three Sacraments of Initiation, the other two being the Sacrament of Confirmation and the Sacrament of Holy Communion. Once baptized, a person becomes a member of the Church. Traditionally, the rite (or ceremony) of baptism was held outside the doors of the main part of the church, to signify this fact. The Necessity of Baptism: Christ Himself ordered His disciples to preach the Gospel to all nations and to baptize those who accept the message of the Gospel. In His encounter with Nicodemus (John 3:1-21), Christ made it clear that baptism was necessary for salvation: â€Å"Amen, amen I say to thee, unless a man be born again of water and the Holy Ghost, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God. † For Catholics, the sacrament is not a mere formality; it is the very mark of a Christian, because it brings us into new life in Christ. Baptism of Desire: That doesn’t mean that only those who have been formally baptized can be saved. From very early on, the Church recognized that there are two other types of baptism besides the baptism of water. The baptism of desire applies both to those who, while wishing to be baptized, die before receiving the sacrament and â€Å"Those who, through no fault of their own, do not know the Gospel of Christ or His Church, but who nevertheless seek God with a sincere heart, and, moved by grace, try in their actions to do His will as they know it through the dictates of conscience† (Constitution on the Church, Second Vatican Council). Baptism of Blood: The baptism of blood is similar to the baptism of desire. It refers to the martyrdom of those believers who were killed for the faith before they had a chance to be baptized. This was a common occurrence in the early centuries of the Church, but also in later times in missionary lands. The baptism of blood has the same effects as the baptism of water. The Form of the Sacrament of Baptism: While the Church has an extended rite of Baptism which is normally celebrated, which includes roles for both parents and godparents, the essentials of that rite are two: the pouring of water over the head of the person to be baptized (or the immersion of the person in water); and the words â€Å"I baptize you in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. † The Minister of the Sacrament of Baptism: Since the form of baptism requires just the water and the words, the sacrament, like the Sacrament of Marriage, does not require a priest; any baptized person can baptize another. In fact, when the life of a person is in danger, even a non-baptized person—including someone who does not himself believe in Christ—can baptize, provided that the person performing the baptism follows the form of baptism and intends, by the baptism, to do what the Church does—in other words, to bring the person being baptized into the fullness of the Church. Infant Baptism: In the Catholic Church today, baptism is most commonly administered to infants. While some other Christians strenuously object to infant baptism, believing that baptism requires assent on the part of the person being baptized, the Eastern Orthodox, Anglicans, Lutherans, and other mainline Protestants also practice infant baptism, and there is evidence that it was practiced from the earliest days of the Church. Since baptism removes both the guilt and the punishment due to Original Sin, delaying baptism until a child can understand the sacrament may put the child’s salvation in danger, should he die un-baptized. Adult Baptism: Adult converts to Catholicism also receive the sacrament, unless they have already received a Christian baptism. (If there is any doubt about whether an adult has already been baptized, the priest will perform a conditional baptism. ) A person can only be baptized once as a Christian—if, say, he was baptized as a Lutheran, he cannot be rebaptized when he converts to Catholicism. While an adult can be baptized after proper instruction in the Faith, adult baptism normally occurs today as part of the Rite of Christian Initiation for Adults (RCIA) and is immediately followed by Confirmation and Communion. The Effects of the Sacrament of Baptism: Baptism has six primary effects, which are all supernatural graces: 1. The removal of the guilt of both Original Sin (the sin imparted to all mankind by the Fall of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden) and personal sin (the sins that we have committed ourselves). 2. The remission of all punishment that we owe because of sin, both temporal (in this world and in Purgatory) and eternal (the punishment that we would suffer in hell). 3. The infusion of grace in the form of sanctifying grace (the life of God within us); the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit; and the three theological virtues. 4. Becoming a part of Christ. 5. Becoming a part of the Church, which is the Mystical Body of Christ on earth. 6. Enabling participation in the sacraments, the priesthood of all believers, and the growth in grace. Question: What is Baptism? Christian denominations differ widely on their teachings about baptism. Some believe baptism accomplishes the washing away of sin. Others consider baptism a form of exorcism from evil spirits. Still others teach that baptism is an important step of obedience in the believer’s life, yet only an acknowledgment of the salvation experience already accomplished – baptism itself has no power to cleanse or save from sin. The following takes a look at the latter perspective called â€Å"Believer’s Baptism:† Answer: A general definition for the word baptism is â€Å"a rite of washing with water as a sign of religious purification and consecration. † This rite was practiced frequently in the Old Testament. It signified purity or cleansing from sin and devotion to God. Since baptism was first instituted in the Old Testament many have practiced it as a tradition yet have not fully understood its significance and meaning. In the New Testament, the significance of baptism is seen more clearly. John the Baptist was sent by God to spread the news of the coming Messiah—Jesus Christ. John was directed by God (John 1:33) to baptize those who accepted his message. John’s baptizing is called â€Å"a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins. † Mark 1:4 (NIV). Those baptized by John acknowledged their sins and professed their faith that through the coming Messiah they would be forgiven. Baptism then is significant in that it represents the forgiveness and cleansing from sin that comes through faith in the Lord Jesus Christ. The Purpose of Baptism: Water Baptism identifies the believer with the Godhead – Father, Son & Holy Spirit. â€Å"Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. † Matthew 28:19 (NIV) †¢Water Baptism identifies the believer with Christ in His death, burial and resurrection. â€Å"When you came to Christ, you were â€Å"circumcised,â €  but not by a physical procedure. It was a spiritual procedure–the cutting away of your sinful nature. For you were buried with Christ when you were baptized. And with him you were raised to a new life because you trusted the mighty power of God, who raised Christ from the dead. † Colossians 2:11-12 (NLT) â€Å"We were therefore buried with Him through baptism into death in order that, just as Christ was raised from the dead through the glory of the Father, we too may live a new life. † Romans 6:4 (NIV) †¢Water Baptism is an act of obedience for the believer. It should be preceded by repentance, which simply means â€Å"change. † It is turning from our sin and selfishness to serve the Lord. It means placing our pride, our past and all of our possessions before the Lord. It is giving the control of our lives over to Him. â€Å"Peter replied, ‘Each of you must turn from your sins and turn to God, and be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins. Then you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. ‘ Those who believed what Peter said were baptized and added to the church–about three thousand in all. † Acts 2:38, 41 (NLT) †¢Water Baptism is a public testimony – the outward confession of an inward experience. In baptism, we stand before witnesses confessing our identification with the Lord. †¢Water Baptism is a picture representing profound spiritual truth: Death – â€Å"I have been crucified with Christ and I no longer live, but Christ lives in me. The life I live in the body, I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me. † Galatians 2:20 (NIV) Resurrection – â€Å"We were therefore buried with Him through baptism into death in order that, just as Christ was raised from the dead through the glory of the father, we too may live a new life. If we have been united with Him like this in His death, we will certainly also be united with Him in His resurrection. † Romans 6:4-5 (NIV) â€Å"He died once to defeat sin, and now he lives for the glory of God. So you should consider yourselves dead to sin and able to live for the glory of God through Christ Jesus. Do not let sin control the way you live; do not give in to its lustful desires. Do not let any part of your body become a tool of wickedness, to be used for sinning. Instead, give yourselves completely to God since you have been given new life. And use your whole body as a tool to do what is right for the glory of God. † Romans 6:10-13 (NLT) Cleansing – â€Å"And this water symbolizes baptism that now saves you also – not the removal of dirt from the body but the pledge of a good conscience toward God. It saves you by the resurrection of Jesus Christ. † I Peter 3:21 (NIV) â€Å"But you were washed, you were sanctified, you were justified in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ and by the Spirit of our God. † I Corinthians 6:11 (NIV) Questions On Baptism Friday, October 10, 2003 Home Greetings! Initiation of a non-Christian into the Roman Catholic Church is celebrated in a Rite called â€Å"baptism†. In this rite, a person is either immersed in water, or sprinkled with water by another Christian who says, â€Å"I baptize you in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. What makes a baptism valid? Baptism is valid so long as water was used with the Trinitarian formula (See Mt 28:19 for the Trinitarian formula, and John 3:5 for the necessity of water). In an emergency, even tears or saliva could be used where running water is not present. Catholics believe that all people who have received water baptism in the Trinitarian formula are mysteriousl y united to the Church, and indwelt with the grace of Jesus Christ. What is grace? Grace is God’s favor, and more than this, it is the very life of God within a person through the Holy Spirit. With grace, three dispositions, or virtues are infused in the soul: faith, hope and love. God cannot co-exist with sin, and when we turn away from God, we can sin so badly as to cut off this flow of divine life within us. Catholics call this â€Å"mortal sin†, referring to the notion of deadly sin we find in 1 John 5:17. Yet, even when we sin mortally, the Council of Trent states that faith lingers in the soul to draw us back to Christ. Only blasphemy of the Holy Spirit – an ongoing and deliberate rejection of the free gift of grace – can damn us. We can trust teh one who started the work of salvation in us through baptism to bring it to completion. Is Baptism necessary for salvation? The Second Vatican Council affirms that the grace of baptism is necessary for salvation. Yet, the Council speaks of salvation outside, but not apart from the Church. Catholics believe that the grace of baptism is given through the rite itself, but is also provided to those who, through no fault of their own, have either never heard the Gospel, or heard the Gospel in a distorted manner so that they were unable to accept it. Many theologians (myself included) argue that anyone who has not actively rejected the Gospel as properly understood may be under the saving grace of baptismal grace. The Church has always maintained that the Old Testament prophets are counted among the saints in heaven. The Council of Trent affirmed that even prior to baptism, a grace called prevenient grace draws a person to baptism. Furthermore, the Church always taught that there is such a thing as baptism by desire. Traditionally, baptism of desire was used to refer to martyrs who were murdered while preparing for the rite of baptism. These various doctrines have lead theologians to the conclusion that there is saving grace available without strictly receiving water baptism. Yet, for a believer in Jesus Christ, it would make no sense to reject water baptism, since Christ himself was baptized and taught his disciples to baptize. In the early church, baptism was a public witness to becoming a Christian, and often a person was placing their life on the line by receiving the sacrament. To reject water baptism and claim to believe in Jesus is a contradiction, and in this sense, baptism is necessary for all believers. However, knowing that prevenient grace draws the sinner to the sacrament, many theologians today argue that there are two types of saving faith, and one depends on the other. Primordial faith is a trust in a vague and fuzzy awareness of divine holy mystery and openess to transcendant experience that goes beyond language. This faith is what begins the salvation process in us, and it is this grace that is spoken of when we say the grace of baptism is necessary for salvation. Many theologians since Karl Rahner argue that we are all born with the gift of such grace, even as we are all effected by original sin. If we respond to this grace, we seek language to describe the experience, and primordial faith is then translated into fiducial faith, which is the belief in a particular creed, doctrine, and set of religious practices. For the Catholic Christian, fiducial faith expresses itself and becomes actualized in cooperation with Christ through the sacraments. However, the non-Catholic may very well be saved by fiducial faith expressing primordial faith in a different cultural context. Who performs a baptism? Typically, a baptism is performed by a priests, but in an emergency, any Christian who has already received baptism can perform the rite. Catholics recognize the baptisms of other Christian demonimations as valid, so long as water was used, and the Trinitarian formula was followed. Catholics consider the rite of baptism to be a sacrament. Sacraments are outward signs of internal grace instituted by Christ and preserved in the Apostolic tradition. Catholics believe that Christ, himself, acts in each sacrament, so that even if a sacramental rite is performed by the worst sinner, the sacrament is valid. How often can baptism be received? Because it is the first step of initiation, baptism is only received one time in life, and Catholics do not believe anyone who has received a valid baptism needs to repeat it, even if the rite was performed before a person was fully mature, or the rite was by an imperfect person, or in a manner that was hasty or sloppy. Indeed, Catholics see it as a lack of faith to repeat baptism. At the same time, Catholics do bless themselves with holy water as they enter a church as a constant reminder of baptism. What are the effects of baptism? Perhaps the effects of baptism are best understood by looking at the symbolic meaning of the rite. Water is a natural symbol of birth, life, and cleanliness. It symbolizes birth as a mother’s water is broken. It symbolizes life as we need it for nourishment. It symbolizes cleanliness as we bathe daily with water. Water also symbolizes death, as we can drown in water. In Judaism, ritual baths and purifications symbolized that we were making ourselves presentable to God, the most high and most holy and pure being of all. According to the New Testament, the baptism of John, who preceded Jesus was a baptism of repentance. The word for repentance in Greek means conversion, and is rooted in the notion of turning a stiff neck. John seemed to use water baptism as a symbolic action to convey the notion of the hope to one day be immersed in the Spirit to be cleansed from sin to live a new life. John’s preaching was eschatological and forward looking, and painted a picture of cosmic conflict between good and evil. John’s baptism looked for the day when the Spirit would be poured forth like a river on the people to produce a change of heart. Jesus received the baptism of John, and many Bible scholars point to this incidence as evidence of a historical person named Jesus. According to the criteria of embarrassment, the early church would have no reason to invent this encounter, since the action implies John is greater than Jesus and that Jesus needed to repent. Many believers in Christianity are raised to believe that Jesus was baptized by John in order to provide us an example. However, this oversimplifies the issue, and implies that Jesus was play acting. Even a perfect person can and would have turning points in life if that person is fully human. A conversion experience does not always involve turning from sin to virtue. Rather, like a moth becoming a butterfly, a conversion experience can be growth from one stage of human development to another. The New Testament is clear that Jesus grew as a human person (See Luke 2:40). By receiving the baptism of John, Jesus reveals that he has fully entered the human condition. Like us, in his humanity, he longed to be immersed in the Holy Spirit and to grow and change. John preached that there would be one who come after him who would baptize with fire and Spirit. Having received the baptism of John, the growth or conversion that Jesus displayed was to begin to live as though the fullness of God’s reign was breaking into our world here and now, already present, but not fully present yet! There is some evidence in the New Testament that Jesus continued the ministry of baptism after John, and may have even rivaled John for a period (See John 4:1). However, where John was an ascetic preaching hell-fire and brimstone, Jesus preached that the reign of God was breaking in through mercy upon the marignalized. It is not that Jesus made no mention of hell. However, when he does mention hell, it is always in the context of the rigidly unforgiving, or those who commit heinous sins that hurt other people. For Jesus, it appears that baptism was transformed from a symbolic act that looked forward to a day of immersion in the Spirit, to a symbolic rite that made the Spirit present. In Jesus and his disciples, baptism truly became a rite of initiation for those who choose in the here and now to live in the reign of god breaking into our reality. By accepting the baptism of Jesus, one was chosing to live here and now as though God is your only king, and to trive for perfection. After the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus, baptism took on new meaning. Under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, Saint Paul called baptism an immersion in the death and resurrection of the Lord (See Romans 6:4 and Colossians 2:12). The author of 1 Peter refers to baptism as a cleansing. With Saint Augustine int he fourth century, the emphasis on the notion of bap tism as cleansing became critical in his debates with a monk named Pelegius. Pelegius believed that Christ saved us by offerring an example of perfection that we chose to follow by our own inherent goodness. Those who rejected Christ and refuse to imitate him are simply evil. Pelegius taught a crass works righteousness. Augustine, profoundly aware of his own sinfulness, countered that he could not even want to follow Christ if God had not given him the gift to desire Christ. Augustine, relying on Saint Paul, believed that we are saved by grace, and that grace enables us to imitate Christ. Augustine developed the concept of original sin to explain what he felt Paul was saying when Paul says all people are sinners due to Adam’s sin (see Romans 5:12). Augustine argued that grace is a completely free gift given to us while we are sinners, and through the gift, we are made righteous, with baptism symbolizing cleanliness and new birth. As a demonstration that he was interpreting the Scriptures correctly, Augustine wrote to Pelegius appealing to common tradition asking if what he was saying were not true, why does the Church baptize infants? So, the effect of baptism is that we die to our sinful selves to rise with him. Grace, the very life of Christ, is infused in the soul by the one who lives today! This new life is experienced as rebirth in water and Spirit. We are immersed int eh Holy Spirit so that live as sons of daughters of the great King of the universe, whose reign of peace and justice is breaking into the world through Christ acting in us. Why do Catholics baptize infants? Acts 10 speaks of the entire family of Cornelius, and the whole household, including his servants, receiving Peter and the Apostles to eventually become baptized. Catholics believe that the episode indicates the possibility that children were baptized within the New Testament period, since it is likely that Cornelius had children. Yet, there is no direct and unquestionable proof that infants were baptized in the New Testament. Many Protestant Christians argue that the symbolism of conversion and change is lost by performing baptism on infants, and that such batisms should be considered invalid. Catholics believe that in the early church, adult baptism was the norm as the Church reached out to new members. However, we saw above that Saint Augustine argued against the works righteousness of Pelegius by appealing to the already wide-spread and ancient tradition of infant baptism. Infant baptism may or may not not perfectly allow the recipient to experience grace as conversion. Yet, Catholics accept in faith that conversion is occurring even in the infant. For many Catholics, infant baptism is a response of gratitude to God for a child, and a celebration of birth. Parents naturally want to share their faith and culture with their children. As a rite of intitiation, baptism knits a person into that web of relationships that forms the Church – the Body of Christ. What Christian parent would not seek to have their child knit into this web of relationships? On a deeper theological level, Catholics speak of a real transformation taking place in the infant where all guilt of original sin is removed, and grace is infused in the soul conforming the child to Christ. Through baptism, a person is born again, and the effects of the sacraments last eternally! By offering the rite to an infant, we are emphasizing that grace is an absolutely free gift, not even earned by our desire for conversion or our intellectual undertsanding of what we receive. This may confuse many Protestants, who believe that Catholics teach works righteousness. The Catholic Church holds as infallible, according to Scripture, the local council of Orange, and the Ecumenical Council of Trent that salvation is by grace alone. However, Catholics believe that with new birth comes growth, and that with baptism, Christ’s life life is infused inthe soul to produce faith and works. Faith without works cannot save, and works without faith cannot save. Yet, the whole process of salvation is initiated as a free gift of Christ. See my essay Justification: Protestant or Catholic for more detail on this subject. In the New Testament, Paul speaks of laying hands on people after baptism, and James speaks of annointing people. The word â€Å"Christ† literally means â€Å"annointed†. Catholics generally believe that in the sacrament of confirmation (laying on of hands and annointing), a person is confirmed in the faith. This second sacrament completes initiation in the Catholic Church and is closely connected theologically to baptism, though separated by years in time for many Catholics. Adult converts receive the two sacraments together. This is usually done in young adulthood, and provides an opportunity for a similar experience to Protestant young adult conversion at baptism. Why do Catholics use the Trinitarian formula, and not the name of Jesus Personally, I am not sure that God considers the name of Jesus alone as an invalid baptism. However, there are denominations and churches separated from Rome who baptize in the name of Jesus only because they reject the doctrine of the Trinity. We saw above that the Trinitarian formula for baptism is Scriptural in Matthew 28:19. We know from early Church writings that the Trinitarian formula was used from most ancient times, and the doctrine was accepted as the correct interpretation of scripture by the world-wide Church at several Ecumneical Councils. Thus, Catholics believe that the Trinitarian formula is revealed through Scripture and Sacred Tradition to be a if not the correct way to do baptism. Since the issue arose late historically, and was clear attempt to break the unity of the Church, Catholics do require a new baptism for those who join s from a community that did not use the Trinitarian formula. Why do Catholics sprinkle instead of immersing? Immersion is the proper way to do baptism to convey the full symbolism of the sacrament. Sprinkling in the early church was only used for emergencies, such as impending death. As the Church expanded into Northern Europe, it is highly probable that cold weather caused Christians to turn more often to sprinkling. Irish missionaries may have carried the practic e back southward. The Church defends that baptism by sprinkling is valid. At teh same time, Vatican II called for a renewal and retrieval of the meaning of sacramental gestures so that the fullness of what was conveyed in the New Testament is mediated in the signs. I have seen more and more Catholic churches building baptismal fonts large enought to immerse an adult. In the future, I expect immersion to once again become the norm. One final point When John began baptizing, he warned his Jewish siblings that God could make children of Abraham from the stones. Receiving his baptism of repentence was useless if one was not changed by it. God always respects our freedom, and we are always free to reject and act against the grace that is given us. We do this when we sin. Catholics believe that God initiates the salvation as an absolutely free and unmerited gift that can start in an infant. Catholics believe that Christ acts in the sacrament, so that we can never say that baptism does not have an effect. Christ promised to act in every valid baptism. Even Adolf Hitler (who was baptized Catholic) was changed by the sacrament. (Think how much worse he may have been if his life were never touched by grace! Yet, knowing that every baptism has an effect on the recipient, and trusting individually that the One who died for me and began a work for me in baptism wants to bring it to completion, I must respond to him! John’s warning to the children of Abraham is still true for Christians. We must, by God’s continued outpouring of grace, receive the Lordship of Christ and allow his will to shape our lives and contin ually change us. While baptism always has an effect, not everyone who has been bapized is absolutely assured slavation.